Trinitroglycerine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles attenuate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by modulating oxidative stress.

Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common clinical factor for acute kidney injury (AKI). A current study investigated the renoprotective effects of the trinitroglycerine (TNG) combination with chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) on renal I/R-induced AKI. Rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 8/group): Sham, I/R, TNG (50 mg/kg) + I/R, CNPs (60 mg/kg) + I/R, and TNG-CNPs + I/R.

Klotho plays a crucial role in the renal-protective effect of allopurinol on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Background: Allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, recovers histological alterations and renal dysfunction induced during renal ischemic-reperfusion injury. This study investigated the cross-talk between the allopurinol and soluble Klotho.

Methods: Rats were randomly divided into three equal groups (n = 8 per group): The sham-operated group without renal ischemia, the BIR (bilateral ischemia-reperfusion) group which underwent renal ischemia, and BIR+Allo (allopurinol) group which was pretreated with allopurinol (100 mg/kg- gavage) 30 min before the renal ischemia.

Remote limb ischemic pre-conditioning prevents renal Ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats by modulating oxidative stress and TNF-α/NF-κB/TGF-/βapelin signaling pathway.

Background: Remote limb ischemic pre-conditioning (RIPreC) can invoke potent renal protection. The involvement of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/RI) was also confirmed. This study was designed to investigate the RIPreC effects on IRI-induced kidney dysfunction in rats through NFĸB/TNF-α/TGF-ꞵ/apelin signaling pathway.

Lag Plot: A Novel Method to Determine Viable Bacterial Cell Number via a Single OD Measurement.

Bactericidal activity is a valuable parameter which is considered and measured for antimicrobial compounds. The available standard protocol to evaluate bactericidal activity is based on the direct colony count. Colony counting requires serial dilution, plating, overnight incubation, and direct counting, which is time-and labor-intensive.

Quercetin prevents rats from type 1 diabetic liver damage by inhibiting TGF-ꞵ/apelin gene expression.

Background: Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress is a significant contributor to diabetic complications, including hepatopathy. The current survey aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of quercetin (Q) on liver functional disorders and tissue damage developed by diabetes mellitus in rats.

Methods: Grouping of 35 male Wistar rats was performed as follows: sham; sham + quercetin (sham + Q: quercetin, 50 mg/kg/day in 1 ml 1% DMSO for 6 weeks, by gavage); diabetic control (Diabetes: streptozotocin (STZ), 65 mg/kg, i.

Molecular signaling directing neural plate border formation.

During embryonic development, the vertebrate embryonic epiblast is divided into two parts including neural and superficial ectoderm. The neural plate border (NPB) is a narrow transitional area which locates between these parts and contains multipotent progenitor cells. Despite its small size, the cellular heterogeneity in this region produces specific differentiated cells.

Quercetin prevents kidney against diabetes mellitus (type 1) in rats by inhibiting TGF-β/apelin gene expression.

Background: One of the main causes of diabetic nephropathy is oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia. Apelin inhibits insulin secretion. Besides, renal expression of TGF-β is increased in diabetes mellitus (DM).

Effects of conditioned media derived from human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells on diabetic nephropathy and hepatopathy via modulating TGF-β and apelin signaling pathways in male rats.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy and hepatopathy are health problems described by specific renal and hepatic structure and function disturbances. The protective effects of the stem cell secretome have been shown in several kidney and liver diseases. The current study aims to evaluate the capability of conditioned media derived from human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs-CM) to alleviate diabetic complications.

Association of Oxidative Stress with Kidney Injury in a Hyperandrogenemic Female Rat Model.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive dysfunction in premenopausal women. PCOS is associated with oxidative stress (OS), which is the main risk factor for renal diseases. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms responsible for renal injury in a hyperandrogenemic female rat model.

SARS-CoV-2 in brief: from virus to prevention.

The recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), ahighly transmissible virus with a likely animal origin, has posed major and unprecedentedchallenges to millions of lives across the affected nations of the world. This outbreak firstoccurred in China, and despite massive regional and global attempts shortly thereafter, itspread to other countries and caused millions of deaths worldwide. This review presents keyinformation about the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and its associated disease (namely,coronavirus disease 2019) and briefly discusses the origin of the virus.

Acute lung injury induced by acute uremia and renal ischemic-reperfusion injury: The role of toll-like receptors 2 and 4, and oxidative stress.

Objectives: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common complication of distant organ dysfunction induced by acute kidney injury (AKI). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a critical role in progression of AKI. The main goal of this study was to determine whether lung gene expression of TLR2 and TLR4 change by ischemic (renal bilateral ischemic-reperfusion; BIR) and uremic (bilateral nephrectomy; BNX) AKI.

Assessment of the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and albuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy occurs in about one-third of diabetic patients. This health problem is characterized by increased urinary albumin excretion, leading to decreased glomerular filtration rate and renal failure. In this regard, previous investigations have revealed the possibility of a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and diabetic nephropathy.

The effect of influenza virus on the metabolism of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with a metabolomics approach.

Respiratory viruses have led to many deaths and hospitalizations per year in the world. The influenza virus is one of the most important respiratory viruses. Recently, metabolic studies in viral infections have been widely studied by scientists.

Proposed Pathway Linking Respiratory Infections with Depression.

Depression is one of the most important causes of disability and loss of useful life of people around the world. Acute respiratory infection caused a large number of severe illnesses and deaths of the world and most of these due to viral infections, which is estimated more than 80% of respiratory infections. Detection of viruses by immune pathogen recognition receptors activates the intracellular signaling cascade and eventually cause produces interferons.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Hypertension: How Anti-hypertensive Drugs Affect COVID-19 Medications and .

Background: As a medical problem, hypertension is one of the most common disorders in cardiovascular disease. High blood pressure has been identified as one of the most familiar risk factors for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We planned to explore the possible interactions between anti-hypertensive agents and drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 with broad investigations of these medications' mechanism of action and adverse effects.

Cultural Adaption and Psychometric Analysis of Family APGAR Scale in Iranian Older People.

Background: Family function is a necessary factor that influences older people's health. The Family APGAR has been widely used to study family functions. However, there has been no Persian version of this instrument to assess family function in older people.

Guillain-Barré/Miller Fisher overlap syndrome in a patient after coronavirus disease-2019 infection: a case report.

Background: Beyond the typical respiratory symptoms associated with novel coronavirus, increasing evidence has been reported of the neurological manifestations affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Case Presentation: We observed a 30-year-old Persian woman developing acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy, a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome that overlaps Miller Fisher syndrome, 30 days after confirmed coronavirus disease-2019 infection. Our case highlight the rare occurrence of Guillain-Barré syndrome overlapping with Miller Fisher during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic.

Involvement of oxidative stress and toll-like receptor-4 signaling pathways in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male Sprague Dawley rats.

Gentamicin (GM) is an antibiotic belonging to an aminoglycoside family that might induce nephrotoxicity in human and animal models oxidative stress. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are part of innate immune systems that participate in inflammatory responses. In this regard, we investigated the effect of GM on kidney functional and structural parameters, enzymatic antioxidant levels, and mRNA expression of TLR4 and IL6 in the rat kidney.

Therapeutic effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via modulation of TLR2 and TLR4 on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a pro-inflammatory process that activates toll-like receptors (TLRs). Stem cell therapy holds a great promise for kidney repair. Therefore, we investigated the immunomodulatory role of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on TLR2 and TLR4 expression in AKI in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Nanomicellar curcuminoids attenuates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat through prevention of apoptosis and downregulation of MAPKs pathways.

Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is considered as a main problem in clinical practice. Curcuminoids, the active constituents of turmeric, seem to have potential renoprotective effects. However, the poor bioavailability of curcuminoids restricts their therapeutic effects.

A binuclear iron(III) complex of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine as cytotoxic agent.

The binuclear iron(III) complex (1), namely, {[Fe(5,5'-dmbpy)(OH](µ-O)}(NO) with a distorted octahedral coordination, formed by four nitrogen and two oxygen atoms, was previously reported by our team. In this study the DNA-binding and cytotoxicity evaluation for target complex were studied. The results indicated strong cytotoxicity activity against A549 cells comparable to cisplatin values.

Role of vitamin D in oxidative stress modulation in end-stage renal disease patients: A double-blind randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: Oxidative stress is considered as important actor in uremia-associated morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We aimed to evaluate the role of vitamin D supplementation on oxidative stress parameters in this group.

Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on HD patients who were randomly allocated into intervention (n = 40) or control groups (n = 38) for 10 weeks.

Protective effect of genistein in a rat model of ischemic acute kidney injury.

Background: This study determined the possible anti-inflammatory and antioxidant renal protective effect of genistein, a soy isoflavone, against kidney damage and functional disorders following renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in male rats.

Materials And Methods: The animals were dedicated to five groups (n = 7 per group): Sham, Sham + Geni (genistein, 15 mg/kg in 1 ml 1% DMSO, i.p.