Protective effects of geraniol in a male rat model of Alzheimer's disease: A behavioral, biochemical, and histological study.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a neurodegenerative disease can cause behavioral impairments due to oxidative stress. Aging and oxidative conditions are some AD risk factors.

Objective: We assessed the influence of geraniol (GR), an acyclic monoterpene alcohol, on behavioral functions, hippocampal oxidative status, and histological alterations in AD rats induced by amyloid-β (Aβ).

Continuous exercise training rescues hippocampal long-term potentiation in the VPA rat model of Autism: Uncovering sex-specific effects.

Long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment has been reported in many studies of autistic models. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of interval training (IT) and continuous training (CT) exercises on LTP in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) neurons of valproic acid (VPA) rat model of autism. To induce an autism-like model, pregnant rats were injected 500 mg/kg NaVPA (intraperitoneal) on the embryonic day 12.

Effects of (S)-3,4-DCPG, an mGlu8 receptor agonist, on hippocampal long-term potentiation at perforant pathway-dentate gyrus synapses in prenatal valproic acid-induced rat model of autism.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social interaction deficits, communication impairments, repetitive behaviors, and sensory sensitivities. While the etiology of ASD is multifaceted, abnormalities in glutamatergic neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity have been implicated. This study investigated the role of metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 (mGlu8) in modulating long-term potentiation (LTP) in a rat model of ASD induced by prenatal valproic acid (VPA) exposure.

Effect of intrahippocampal microinjection of VU0155041, a positive allosteric modulator of mGluR4, on long term potentiation in a valproic acid-induced autistic male rat model.

The precise cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is not fully understood. Despite the involvement of glutamatergic dysregulation in autism, the specific contribution of mGlu4 receptors to synaptic plasticity remains unclear. Using the positive allosteric modulator VU0155041, we aimed to restore long-term potentiation (LTP) in the perforant path-dentate gyrus (PP-DG) pathway in VPA-induced autistic rat model.

S-3,4-DCPG, a potent orthosteric agonist for the mGlu8 receptor, facilitates extinction and inhibits the reinstatement of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in male rats.

The limbic system, particularly the NAc, shows a high concentration of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). Recent evidence suggests the significant involvement of mGluRs in mental disorders, including substance abuse and addiction. The objective of this study was to examine the involvement of mGlu8 receptors in the NAc in the mechanisms underlying the extinction and reinstatement of conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by morphine.

IUPHAR review: Navigating the role of preclinical models in pain research.

Chronic pain is a complex and challenging medical condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of chronic pain is a key goal of preclinical pain research so that more effective treatment strategies can be developed. In this review, we explore nociception, pain, and the multifaceted factors that lead to chronic pain by focusing on preclinical models.

Association of Intronic C>T Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (rs782440) with Borderline Personality Disorder: A Case-Control Study.

Objective: From the perspective of etiology, borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a multifactorial and complex disorder, hence our understanding about the molecular basis and signaling of this disorder is extremely limited. The purpose of this study was evaluating the relationship between BPD and the Monoacylglycerol lipase polymorphism rs782440 in the population of Hamadan, Iran.

Materials And Methods: In this case-control study, 106 participants including 53 patients with BPD and 53 healthy control subjects were selected by psychiatrists in the Department of Psychiatry at Farshchian Sina Hospital in Hamadan.

The effects of carvacrol and p-cymene on Aβ -induced long-term potentiation deficit in male rats.

Aims: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in which oxidative stress plays an important role. In this disease, learning and memory and the cellular mechanism associated with it, long-term potentiation (LTP), are impaired. Considering the beneficial effects of carvacrol (CAR) and p-cymene against AD, their effect was assessed on in vivo hippocampal LTP in the perforant pathway (PP)-dentate gyrus (DG) pathway in an Aβ -induced rat model of AD.

Mitochondrial biogenesis and apoptosis as underlying mechanisms involved in the cardioprotective effects of Gallic acid against D-galactose-induced aging.

Background: Aging is a main risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Gallic acid (GA) is a phenolic compound derived from a wide range of fruits. GA has a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects.

Maternal high-intensity interval training as a suitable approach for offspring's heart protection in rat: evidence from oxidative stress and mitochondrial genes.

Considerable scientific evidence suggests that the intrauterine environment plays a crucial role in determining the long-term health of offspring. The present study aims to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training in maternal rats before and during pregnancy on the antioxidant status, mitochondrial gene expression, and anxiety-like behavior of their offspring. A total of thirty-two female rats were assigned to four maternal groups based on the timing of exercise: before pregnancy, before and during pregnancy, during pregnancy, and sedentary.

Geraniol improves passive avoidance memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity deficits in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease that leads to synaptic loss and cognitive decline. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of geraniol (GR), a valuable acyclic monoterpene alcohol, with protective and therapeutic effects, on passive avoidance memory, hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques formation in an AD rat model induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) microinjection of Aβ. Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly into sham, control, control-GR (100 mg/kg; P.

VU0155041, a positive allosteric modulator of mGluR4, in the nucleus accumbens facilitates extinction and inhibits the reinstatement of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in male rats.

Nucleus accumbens (NAc) neurons appear to be at the hub of the reward circuit. New evidence suggests that the behavioural effects of morphine substances may be significantly regulated by glutamate-mediated transmission, notably by metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors. Here, we examined the hypothesis that the mGlu4 receptor within that NAc has a role in the extinction and reinstatement of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP).

Effects of sesamin on Aβ-induced oxidative stress and LTP impairment in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease.

The present study examined the protective effect of sesamin (Ses) on β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment at the PP-DG synapses in male rats. Wistar rats were randomly assigned to seven groups: control, sham, Aβ; ICV Aβ microinjection, Ses, Aβ + Ses; first, ICV Aβ injections and then receiving Ses, Ses + Aβ: four weeks of pretreatment with Ses and then Aβ injection, and Ses + Aβ + Ses: pre (four weeks) and post (four weeks) treatment with Ses. Ses-treated groups received 30 mg/kg of Ses once a day by oral gavage for four weeks.

Underlying mechanisms of long-term potentiation during the inhibition of the cannabinoid CB1 and GABAB receptors in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus.

Background: The release of various neurotransmitters and thereby the excitability of neuronal circuits are regulated by the endocannabinoid system in an activity-dependent manner. Hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) is augmented in cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor-deficient mice. CB1 receptors exist on GABAergic axon terminals in the hippocampus.

Opto-extinction of a threat memory in mice.

Memories of past experiences guide future behaviour. Sparse ensembles of neurons, known as engrams, are thought to store memories in the brain. Neurons involved in a particular engram ("engram neurons") are necessary for subsequent memory expression as memory retrieval is thought to be initiated by an external sensory cue reactivating engram neurons.

Impairment in social interaction and hippocampal long-term potentiation at perforant pathway-dentate gyrus synapses in a prenatal valproic acid-induced rat model of autism.

It is well established that prenatal valproic acid exposure in rats leads to autism-like behaviours and social deficits. Long-term potentiation changes in the brain have been proposed as a potential mechanism in the development of autistic behaviour. However, there are controversies regarding the effect of valproic acid exposure on long-term potentiation.

Alterations in the intrinsic discharge activity of CA1 pyramidal neurons associated with possible changes in the NADPH diaphorase activity in a rat model of autism induced by prenatal exposure to valproic acid.

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by sensory abnormalities, social skills impairment and cognitive deficits. Although recent evidence indicated that induction of autism-like behavior in animal models causes abnormal neuronal excitability, the impact of autism on neuronal properties is still an important issue. Thus, new findings at the cellular level may shed light on the pathophysiology of autism and may help to find effective treatment strategies.

Protective effects of L-carnitine against valproic acid-induced memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior in adult rat.

This study was designed to explore the effects of valproic acid (VPA) on spatial and passive avoidance learning and memory as well as to assess the protective effects of L-Carnitine (LC) against VPA-induced memory deficit in the rat. Male Wistar rats received VPA (300 mg/kg/daily by i.p.

Sex Differences in Spatial Learning and Memory in Valproic Acid Rat Model of Autism: Possible Beneficial Role of Exercise Interventions.

In the current study, we first tried to determine sex differences in spatial learning and memory in the valproic acid (VPA) rat model of autism. Second, the effects of interval training (IT) and continuous training (CT) exercises were examined in male and female offsprings. To induce autism-like animal model, the pregnant rats were injected 500 mg/kg NaVPA (intraperitoneal) at the embryonic day 12.

Effect of ramosetron, a 5-HT receptor antagonist on the severity of seizures and memory impairment in electrical amygdala kindled rats.

The entorhinal cortex (EC) plays a pivotal role in epileptogenesis and seizures. EC expresses high density of serotonergic receptors, especially 5-HT receptors. Cognitive impairment is common among people with epilepsy.

Electrophysiological study of the interactive role of the cannabinoid breakdown inhibitors and L-type calcium channels on granular neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in rats.

The interaction between L-type voltage-dependent Ca channels and the endocannabinoid system (eCs) in synaptic plasticity is controversial. In the present research, the impact of acute administration of URB597, as an endocannabinoid breakdown inhibitor, was evaluated after chronic injection of verapamil, as a Ca channels blocker, on inducing long-term potentiation (LTP) in the rat's hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Treatment of male Wistar rats was done using intraperitoneal(i.

Sex differences in spatial learning and memory and hippocampal long-term potentiation at perforant pathway-dentate gyrus (PP-DG) synapses in Wistar rats.

Background: Recent studies show that gender may have a significant impact on brain functions. However, the reports of sex effects on spatial ability and synaptic plasticity in rodents are divergent and controversial. Here spatial learning and memory was measured in male and female rats by using Morris water maze (MWM) task.

Effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Rosa damascena on hippocampal long-term potentiation in rats fed high-fat diet.

High-fat diets (HFDs) and obesity can cause serious health problems, such as neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive impairments. Consumption of HFD is associated with reduction in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Rosa damascena (R.

The role of mGlu4 receptors within the nucleus accumbens in acquisition and expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in male rats.

Background: Several studies have shown that glutamate neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is required for the development of morphine-induced conditional place preference (CPP). In addition, metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in NAc play important roles in the reward pathways. However, the precise role of mGluR4 in different steps of the morphine-induced CPP is less well known.