Subchronic exposure to fenpyroximate causes multiorgan toxicity in Wistar rats by disrupting lipid profile, inducing oxidative stress and DNA damage.

Background: Fenpyroximate (FEN) is an acaricide that inhibits the complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in mites. Data concerning mammalian toxicity of this acaricide are limited; thus the aim of this work was to explore FEN toxicity on Wistar rats, particularly on cardiac, pulmonary, and splenic tissues and in bone marrow cells.

Methods: rats were treated orally with FEN at 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/Kg bw for 28 days.

Evaluation of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by fenpyroximate in subchronic-orally exposed Wistar rats.

Backgrounds: Fenpyroximate (FEN) is an acaricide that inhibits the complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The aim of this work was to explore the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of FEN on Wistar rats.

Methods: The study involved five groups: a control group and four groups treated with FEN at 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/Kg bw for 28 consecutive days.

Genotoxicity evaluation of dimethoate to experimental mice by micronucleus, chromosome aberration tests, and comet assay.

Dimethoate (DM) is an organophosphate insecticide with numerous uses on field and agricultural crops and ornamentals. Data concerning DM-acute genotoxicity are controversial and knowledge on its delayed effect is limited. For this reason, we aimed to further explore DM genotoxicity resulting from subchronic intoxication of experimental mice.

The mycotoxin, patulin, increases the expression of PXR and AhR and their target cytochrome P450s in primary cultured human hepatocytes.

The mycotoxin, patulin (PAT), which is frequently found in apples, grapes, oranges, pear, peaches, and in apple juices, has previously been shown to be cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic. In this study, we have investigated the effect of PAT on mRNA level of pregnane X receptor (PXR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and their corresponding target cytochrome P450s. Using primary cultures of adult human hepatocytes, we evaluated PAT cytotoxicity on hepatocytes after 24 hours of treatment.

Genotoxicity associated with oxidative damage in the liver and kidney of mice exposed to dimethoate subchronic intoxication.

Background And Aims: Because of the widespread use of pesticides for domestic and industrial applications, the evaluation of their toxic effects is of major concern to public health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the propensity of dimethoate (DM), an organophosphorus pesticide, to cause oxidative damage in the liver and kidney of mice and its associated genotoxic effect.

Methods: DM was administered intraperitoneally at doses of 1, 5, 10, 15, and 30 mg/kg body weight for 30 consecutive days in BALB/c mice.

The mycotoxin Zearalenone induces apoptosis in human hepatocytes (HepG2) via p53-dependent mitochondrial signaling pathway.

Zearalenone (Zen) is a fusarial mycotoxin commonly found in several food commodities worldwide. It is frequently implicated in reproductive disorders and exerts several genotoxic effects in vivo and in vitro. In response to DNA damage, cells may undergo an intricate network of different pathways including apoptosis.