Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Joint Hypermobility Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Study Objectives: Because of associated abnormalities affecting connective tissue in various organs including airways, hypermobility syndrome has been associated with high risk for the development sleep apnea. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) and Marfan syndrome (MFS) represent the most common hypermobility syndromes; therefore, the purpose of this review was to examine the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in these populations.

Methods: All publications and poster presentations written in English found through August 2018 that describe the prevalence of sleep apnea among people with EDS or MFS were included.

The Effect of Administering a Boundary Course to Third-Year Medical Students During Their Psychiatry Clerkship.

Objectives: Due to lack of experience, third-year medical students (MS3) may be vulnerable to boundary violations. Investigators aimed to increase awareness regarding boundary issues among MS3s and assess the effect of using videotaped scenarios and case-based discussion on medical students' comfort in managing boundary issues.

Methods: A nine-question pre-course survey was administered to MS3s enrolled at Cooper Medical School of Rowan University that asked students to rate their comfort in managing various boundary challenges.

Fragile X and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Case Presentation and Management Challenges.

A high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been reported in individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS). Untreated OSA can further complicate both medical and cognitive . Thus, identifying the diagnostic and treatment challenges that arise in these individuals is essential.

Prader Willi syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea: co-occurrence in the pediatric population.

Background: A high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Yet, due in part to the relatively small samples previously used, the prevalence of OSA has varied greatly across studies. It is also unclear if factors such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), or type of genetic imprinting are associated with increased risk for OSA among children with PWS.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and sleep disordered breathing in pediatric populations: a meta-analysis.

A relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in children and adolescents has been suggested by some authors. Yet, this topic remains highly controversial in the literature. A meta-analysis was conducted in order to examine the extent of relationship between SDB and ADHD symptoms in pediatric populations and whether there are differences in ADHD symptoms pre- versus post-adenotonsillectomy in pediatric populations.

The relationship between depressive symptoms and obstructive sleep apnea in pediatric populations: a meta-analysis.

Background: A higher incidence of depressive disorders and symptoms has been suggested among children suffering from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Yet, the extent to which OSA is related to increased depression is unclear.

Objectives: To evaluate (a) the relationship between depressive symptoms and OSA in pediatric populations, and (b) the efficacy of adenotonsillectomy (AT) for decreasing depressive symptoms among children with OSA.

Long-acting antipsychotic medications.

Antipsychotic medicines are the cornerstone pharmacotherapy for patients with psychotic disorders. Early and continuous management of psychoses improves the quality of life, decreases hospitalization and reduces medical costs. However, many psychotic patients are not fully compliant with treatment, and thus they more often experience a relapsing course with a suboptimal clinical outcome.

Which psychotropic medications induce hepatotoxicity?

Objective: Safe prescribing practices to minimize pharmaceutically induced liver damage or worsening of preexisting conditions require knowledge about medicines with hepatotoxic potential. This paper reviews psychotropic medications and their effects on the liver.

Methods: A MEDLINE search was performed utilizing the phrase "drug-induced liver injury" with various categories of psychiatric drugs.

Psychotropic medications and leukopenia.

Neutropenia and/or agranulocytosis are among the medicinal side-effects induced by many psychotropic drugs. Clozapine and carbamazepine cause the highest incidence of this side-effect and require long-term blood cell monitoring. Bone marrow suppression can have an allergic, hypersensitivity etiology (e.

Body weight changes associated with psychopharmacology.

Objective: The authors discuss changes in body weight associated with various psychopharmaceuticals.

Methods: A large number of articles and books about drug-induced changes in body weight, selected on the basis of various literature searches and the authors' clinical experiences with psychopharmaceuticals, were reviewed.

Results: Many psychotropic drugs with antipsychotic, mood stabilizing, and antidepressant properties are associated with weight gain.

School dysfunction: evaluative aspects.

Inability of a child to function in a formal school setting necessitates a review of potential physical, mental, emotional, and behavioral etiologies. A thorough, systematic history and examination is expected; the time of onset, age, and grade of the patient helps to narrow the differential diagnosis. A careful assessment should determine the work-up, correct diagnosis, and treatment.

Divalproex as a calmative adjunct for aggressive schizophrenic patients.

Background: Selection of appropriate pharmacotherapy for psychotic patients who exhibit dangerousness is an important issue. Divalproex is a fast-acting agent which appears to be safe and effective in such circumstances. The objective of the following inpatient study was to investigate divalproex as a pharmaceutical adjunct in treating agitated and/or violent, psychotic schizophrenic subjects.