The effects of implementing gamified instruction on vocabulary gain and motivation among language learners.

This study aimed to examine and compare the impact of gamified and non-gamified instruction on the vocabulary development and motivation of students enrolled in an English language preparatory program at a Turkish university. The perceptions of the participants about learning vocabulary through gamification were further explored in the study. A sample of 32 (16 control group, 16 experimental group) intermediate (B1 level) students participated in the study.

The washback effect of TOEFL iBT and a local English Proficiency Exam on students' motivation, autonomy and language learning strategies.

This study aimed to investigate the washback effect of two high stakes tests, a global language proficiency test (i.e., TOEFL iBT) and a local English Proficiency Exam (developed and administered by a state university) on students' motivation and their autonomy.

The Effect of Pranayamic Breathing as a Positive Psychology Exercise on Foreign Language Learning Anxiety and Test Anxiety Among Language Learners at Tertiary Level.

This study investigated the impact of pranayamic breathing (PB) as a positive psychology exercise on mitigating foreign language anxiety (FLLA) and test anxiety (TA) of undergraduate English students studying at a Turkish university. Additionally, the study examined the effects of PB on academic achievement in listening and reading comprehension skills of the participants as well as exploring learners' and their instructor's perceptions of using PB techniques in their classrooms. The sample consisted of 140 sophomore English language learners.

Professional development among English language teachers: challenges and recommendations for practice.

Professional development of language teachers is one major measure to ensure that teachers remain updated and avoid the risk or leaving the profession. Not all teachers, however, attend professional development (PD) workshops or engage in such activities for the sake of developing professionally. Some teachers attend PD courses on a routine basis with little knowledge of what competencies they are expected to gain as a result, and simply because taking part in such programmes is an institutional requirement.

Self-reported teaching effectiveness and job satisfaction among teachers: the role of subject matter and other demographic variables.

The pivotal responsibility of educating and nurturing students in any society is on the shoulders of teachers, whose knowledge, affection, and commitment exert a great influence over students' lives. Therefore, attending to teachers' emotional state and satisfaction with their profession is crucial. This study was therefore undertaken to investigate the relationship between Iranian English and nonEnglish teachers' job satisfaction and their teaching effectiveness.

Matrix γ-carboxyglutamate protein and Fetuin-A, in wet type age-related macular degeneration.

Aim: To evaluate the high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), Fetuin-A and matrix γ-carboxyglutamate protein (MGP) as the main factors for vascular calcification and inflammation in serum of patients with advanced age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) in comparison to healthy controls.

Methods: The subjects were 40 patients with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) having a mean age of 70.9±9.

Vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 in preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity.

Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) can lead to severe visual impairment. This study was conducted to determine the levels of biochemical mediators (i. e.

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity.

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the main cause of visual impairment in preterm newborn infants.

Objective: This study was conducted to determine whether insulin-like growth factor binding protein -3 (IGFBP-3) is associated with proliferative ROP and has a role in pathogenesis of the disease in premature infants.

Materials And Methods: A total of 71 preterm infants born at or before 32 weeks of gestation participated in this study.

Long-term aerobic exercise and omega-3 supplementation modulate osteoporosis through inflammatory mechanisms in post-menopausal women: a randomized, repeated measures study.

Background: Evidence indicates that dietary fats and physical activity influence bone health. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of long-term aerobic exercise and omega-3 (N-3) supplementation on serum inflammatory markers, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone biomarkers in post-menopausal women.

Methods: Seventy-nine healthy sedentary post-menopausal women aged 58-78 years participated in this study.

Transscleral diode laser retinal photocoagulation for the treatment of threshold retinopathy of prematurity.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of transscleral diode laser photocoagulation for treatment of threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods: Retrospective interventional case series of infants with ROP treated at our center with transscleral diode laser retinal photocoagulation. All patients were followed for 2 months, and regression of ROP, unfavorable outcomes, and incidence of adverse effects were assessed.