Spectroscopic study of prompt-gamma emission for range verification in proton therapy.

We present the results of an investigation of the prompt-gamma emission from an interaction of a proton beam with phantom materials. Measurements were conducted with a novel setup allowing the precise selection of the investigated depth in the phantom, featuring three different materials composed of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. We studied two beam energies of 70.

Speed of sound in bubble-free ice.

The speed of sound in a large volume of bubble-free ice was measured with high accuracy using a linear array of six piezoceramic lead zirconium titanate (PZT) receivers. This array was deployed in an approximately 3 m(3) water tank, which was cooled down to -20 degrees C. The freezing process was performed inside a cooling container.