Effect of Low-dose Ketamine Infusion on Opioid Consumption in Children Undergoing Open Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Study.

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of low-dose ketamine infusion on the perioperative consumption of opioids in pediatric open cardiac surgery.

Design: A randomized, controlled, double-blinded single-center study was conducted.

Setting: The study took place in a tertiary care children's hospital.

Combined Colloid Preload and Crystalloid Coload Versus Crystalloid Coload During Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The optimal strategy of fluid administration during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery is still unclear. Ultrasonography of the inferior vena cava (IVC) has been recently used to assess the volume status and predict fluid responsiveness. In this double-blind, randomized controlled study, we compared maternal hemodynamics using a combination of 500-mL colloid preload and 500-mL crystalloid coload versus 1000-mL crystalloid coload.