Use of Causal Framework to Evaluate Effect of Abuse Deterrent Properties of Extended-Release Oxycodone on Tampering in a Real-World Settings.

Purpose: To assess whether exposure to an extended-release (ER) oxycodone with abuse deterrent properties (ADF) reduced tampering of oxycodone in a real-world, postmarket setting to address the thinking behind Category 4 labeling by the FDA.

Methods: Data from an observational cross-sectional study of the general adult population (2022) was used under a causal framework to estimate the confounding-adjusted odds of tampering oxycodone after exposure to two types of ADF ER oxycodone. The tampering behaviors of those who used only single entity immediate-release (SE-IR) oxycodone was used as a comparison.

Buprenorphine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, and methadone mortality in the United States (2010‒2017).

Objective: Opioid overdose survivors present to emergency departments (EDs) and many EDs have developed programs to initiate buprenorphine. The impact of the increasing use of buprenorphine in ED and by other providers is unknown while opioid mortality continues to rise. Public mortality data do not distinguish buprenorphine from other prescription opioids.

Changes in metabolic acidosis following birth in intensive care unit neonates.

Background: Little is known about how and why metabolic acidosis changes within the first six hours of life in intensive care unit neonates.

Objective: To determine changes in pH and base excess between paired umbilical cord arterial and neonatal arterial blood samples during the first 6 h of life, to identify factors associated with the direction and magnitude of change, and to examine morbidity and mortality in newborns with acidosis at birth or as neonates.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study of all deliveries from a single institution between 2016-2020 with paired umbilical cord arterial and neonatal arterial samples obtained within 6 h of life meeting rigorous criteria to ensure sample integrity.

Initiation Patterns and Transitions Among Adults Using Stimulant Drugs: Latent Transition Analysis.

Background: The fourth wave of the drug overdose epidemic in the United States includes increasing rates of stimulant-involved overdose. Recent studies of transitions leading to stimulant misuse have shown complex patterns that are not universally applicable because they have isolated individual populations or individual behaviors. A comprehensive analysis of transitions between behaviors and the associations with present-day problematic drug use has not been conducted.

Patient Adherence to Follow-Up Recommendations Following Cryotherapy for Treatment of High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia.

Objective Determine the rate of patient adherence to follow-up recommendations after cryotherapy for high-grade cervical lesions, and identify patient characteristics associated with adherence to follow-up. Methods This is a retrospective case series from May 2016 to June 2018 of patients who underwent cryotherapy for high-grade dysplasia at a single academic safety-net hospital. Patient demographics and clinical information were abstracted from the electronic medical record.

Early pregnancy glycaemia predicts postpartum diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To determine the association between early pregnancy glycaemia, as measured by glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at the first prenatal visit, and persistent postpartum diabetes mellitus (DM).

Study Design: All women first diagnosed with DM during pregnancy who had both HbA1c prior to 24 weeks and postpartum DM testing were included. The proportions of women with normal (<5.

The prevalence of blood product transfusion after the implementation of a postpartum hemorrhage bundle: a retrospective cohort at a single safety net academic institution.

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage, defined as blood loss of ≥1000 mL within 24 hours after birth, is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and is associated with substantial financial and emotional burden. Based on societal and regulatory guidelines, in 2019, our institution adopted a postpartum hemorrhage prevention and management bundle based on the California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative initiatives.

Objective: The study aimed to compare the prevalence of maternal blood product transfusion before and after the implementation of the bundle.

Clustering patterns in polysubstance mortality in the United States in 2017: a multiple correspondence analysis of death certificate data.

Purpose: The main goal of this analysis was to identify mortality patterns apparent when many drug classes are analyzed together.

Methods: The Drug Involved Mortality database is a registry of drug terms mentioned on death certificates of all drug-related deaths in the United States. Means of total number of drugs involved and percentages of specific drug combinations were calculated.

Development and validation of a prediction model for postpartum hemorrhage at a single safety net tertiary care center.

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage is a leading cause of pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality; however, there is limited ability to identify women at risk of this obstetrical complication.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a prediction model for postpartum hemorrhage based on antenatal and intrapartum risk factors.

Study Design: This was a retrospective cohort study of women who delivered between April 2016 and March 2019 at a single safety net hospital.

Drug product dispensing and estimates of use in a general population survey as a signal detection problem.

Purpose: Understanding potential bias due to rarity of the outcome is important when monitoring newly approved drugs and drugs with low availability to the general public. Although there is an increasing use of online surveys to investigate health outcomes, the limits of inference due to drug availability have not been studied. The goal of this study was to quantify the relationship between dispensing of prescription drugs and estimates of use in an online general population survey.

Evaluation of Early Pregnancy Concerns in an Early Pregnancy Unit Compared With an Emergency Department.

Objective: To assess total time for evaluation of women with first-trimester pregnancy concerns in an early pregnancy unit compared with an emergency department (ED) within a single safety net hospital system.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study at Denver Health Medical Center from May 1, 2017, to April 30, 2018. All patients who presented to the early pregnancy unit and a random sample of patients who presented to the ED were identified, stratified by month.

Nonmedical use of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs in the UK.

Aims: To estimate prevalence of last 12-month nonmedical use (NMU) of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs (the nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics zaleplon, zolpidem and zopiclone) in the UK.

Methods: Data were collected using the Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs survey with poststratification weighting applied to be representative of the UK population (≥16 years). Participants were questioned about whether they had nonmedically used benzodiazepines and/or Z-drugs in the last 12-months and from where they had obtained the drug (including via a prescription, or illicitly from a friend/family member, a dealer or via the internet).

Feasibility of Integration of Resident Surgical Evaluations Into the Electronic Medical Record.

This cohort study of resident physicians and faculty members at a single academic center examines the usability and acceptability of a resident evaluation tool integrated into an electronic medical records system.

Prevalence and description of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) use in the United States: a cross-sectional study.

Background And Aims: Mitragyna speciosa ('kratom') contains mu opioid partial agonists. It is widely available, and occasionally used as a home remedy for opioid use disorder. The Drug Enforcement Agency considers kratom a drug of concern; however, prevalence of use and role in drug misuse are unknown.

An Online Survey for Pharmacoepidemiological Investigation (Survey of Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs Program): Validation Study.

Background: In rapidly changing fields such as the study of drug use, the need for accurate and timely data is paramount to properly inform policy and intervention decisions. Trends in drug use can change rapidly by month, and using study designs with flexible modules could present advantages. Timely data from online panels can inform proactive interventions against emerging trends, leading to a faster public response.

UK survey of non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMURx) as a valuable source of general population illicit drug use data.

Purpose Of Study: The aim of the study is to describe the prevalence of illicit drug use in England and Wales using data from the UK Survey of Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs (NMURx) programme and to compare against the well-established Crime Survey England and Wales (CSEW). The rationale is that recreational and illicit drug use is common, but the prevalence is difficult to estimate with personal interviewing methods.

Study Design: We compared two cross-sectional population surveys (NMURx, n=8903 and CSEW, n=20 685) with data regarding self-reported recreational drug use and demographics.

Biochemically confirmed smoking cessation and gestational weight gain.

Background: Prenatal smoking cessation has substantial health benefits for mothers and offspring, but concerns about weight gain may be a barrier to quitting. We quantified gestational weight gain associated with biochemically confirmed smoking cessation.

Methods: Data originated from a randomized controlled cessation trial: Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy project (1987-1991).

Smoking and Clinical Outcomes of Assisted Reproductive Technologies.

Background: Smoking near conception has adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. We estimated the proportion of assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles with smoking reported and associated clinical outcomes.

Methods: We used a retrospective cohort study (2009-2013) using national data of ART cycles in the United States.

Evaluation of a federally funded mass media campaign and smoking cessation in pregnant women: a population-based study in three states.

Objectives: In 2012, theCenters for Disease Control and Prevention initiated a national anti-smoking campaign, (). As a result of the campaign, quit attempts among smokers increased in the general population by 3.7 percentage points.

Trends in Postpartum Depressive Symptoms - 27 States, 2004, 2008, and 2012.

Postpartum depression is common and associated with adverse infant and maternal outcomes (e.g., lower breastfeeding initiation and duration and poor maternal and infant bonding) (1-3).

Risks of Preterm Delivery and Small for Gestational Age Infants: Effects of Nondaily and Low-Intensity Daily Smoking During Pregnancy.

Background: Few studies have examined the effects of nondaily smoking or low-intensity daily smoking and infant outcomes. We examined the associations between preterm delivery and small for gestational age (SGA) infants in relation to both nondaily and daily smoking.

Methods: We used population-based data on women who delivered live singleton infants using the 2009-11 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System.