Buprenorphine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, and methadone mortality in the United States (2010‒2017).

Objective: Opioid overdose survivors present to emergency departments (EDs) and many EDs have developed programs to initiate buprenorphine. The impact of the increasing use of buprenorphine in ED and by other providers is unknown while opioid mortality continues to rise. Public mortality data do not distinguish buprenorphine from other prescription opioids.

Changes in metabolic acidosis following birth in intensive care unit neonates.

Background: Little is known about how and why metabolic acidosis changes within the first six hours of life in intensive care unit neonates.

Objective: To determine changes in pH and base excess between paired umbilical cord arterial and neonatal arterial blood samples during the first 6 h of life, to identify factors associated with the direction and magnitude of change, and to examine morbidity and mortality in newborns with acidosis at birth or as neonates.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study of all deliveries from a single institution between 2016-2020 with paired umbilical cord arterial and neonatal arterial samples obtained within 6 h of life meeting rigorous criteria to ensure sample integrity.

Initiation Patterns and Transitions Among Adults Using Stimulant Drugs: Latent Transition Analysis.

Background: The fourth wave of the drug overdose epidemic in the United States includes increasing rates of stimulant-involved overdose. Recent studies of transitions leading to stimulant misuse have shown complex patterns that are not universally applicable because they have isolated individual populations or individual behaviors. A comprehensive analysis of transitions between behaviors and the associations with present-day problematic drug use has not been conducted.

Clustering patterns in polysubstance mortality in the United States in 2017: a multiple correspondence analysis of death certificate data.

Purpose: The main goal of this analysis was to identify mortality patterns apparent when many drug classes are analyzed together.

Methods: The Drug Involved Mortality database is a registry of drug terms mentioned on death certificates of all drug-related deaths in the United States. Means of total number of drugs involved and percentages of specific drug combinations were calculated.

Biochemically confirmed smoking cessation and gestational weight gain.

Background: Prenatal smoking cessation has substantial health benefits for mothers and offspring, but concerns about weight gain may be a barrier to quitting. We quantified gestational weight gain associated with biochemically confirmed smoking cessation.

Methods: Data originated from a randomized controlled cessation trial: Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy project (1987-1991).

Trends in Postpartum Depressive Symptoms - 27 States, 2004, 2008, and 2012.

Postpartum depression is common and associated with adverse infant and maternal outcomes (e.g., lower breastfeeding initiation and duration and poor maternal and infant bonding) (1-3).

Risks of Preterm Delivery and Small for Gestational Age Infants: Effects of Nondaily and Low-Intensity Daily Smoking During Pregnancy.

Background: Few studies have examined the effects of nondaily smoking or low-intensity daily smoking and infant outcomes. We examined the associations between preterm delivery and small for gestational age (SGA) infants in relation to both nondaily and daily smoking.

Methods: We used population-based data on women who delivered live singleton infants using the 2009-11 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System.

Nondaily Smokers' Characteristics and Likelihood of Prenatal Cessation and Postpartum Relapse.

Introduction: This study aimed to calculate the prevalence of pre-pregnancy nondaily smoking (<1 cigarette/day), risk factors, and report of prenatal provider smoking education; and assess the likelihood of prenatal cessation and postpartum relapse for nondaily smokers.

Methods: We analyzed data from 2009 to 2011 among women with live-born infants participating in the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. We compared characteristics of pre-pregnancy daily smokers (≥1 cigarette/day), nondaily smokers, and nonsmokers (chi-square adjusted p < .

Postpartum Smoking Relapse After Quitting During Pregnancy: Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2000-2011.

Background: Relapsing to smoking postpartum jeopardizes a woman's health and her infant's health. Our study estimated the proportion and identified characteristics associated with postpartum relapse using a large population-based sample.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data among women with live births.

Trends in smoking before, during, and after pregnancy--Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 40 sites, 2000-2010.

Problem: Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk for complications such as fetal growth restriction, preterm delivery, and infant death. In 2002, 5%-8% of preterm deliveries, 13%-19% of term infants with growth restriction, 5%-7% of preterm-related deaths, and 23%-34% of deaths from sudden infant death syndrome were attributable to prenatal smoking in the United States.

Reporting Period Covered: 2000-2010.