Presenting complaints and mortality in a cohort of 22 000 adult emergency patients at a local hospital in Nepal.

Background: There is a need to develop sustainable emergency health care systems in low-resource settings, but data that analyses emergency health care needs in these settings are scarce. We aimed at assessing presenting complaints (PCs) and post-discharge mortality in a large emergency department population in Nepal.

Methods: Characteristics of adult patients who entered the emergency department (ED) in a hospital in Nepal were prospectively recorded in the local emergency registry from September 2013 until December 2016.

The Burden of Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Hospitalized Norwegian Children.

Background: The burden of severe human metapneumovirus (HMPV) respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in European children has not been clarified. We assessed HMPV in Norwegian children and compared hospitalization rates for HMPV and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Methods: We prospectively enrolled children (<16 years old) hospitalized with RTI and asymptomatic controls (2006-2015).

Associations of Maternal Vitamin B12 Concentration in Pregnancy With the Risks of Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data.

Vitamin B12 (hereafter referred to as B12) deficiency in pregnancy is prevalent and has been associated with both lower birth weight (birth weight <2,500 g) and preterm birth (length of gestation <37 weeks). Nevertheless, current evidence is contradictory. We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis of individual participant data to evaluate the associations of maternal serum or plasma B12 concentrations in pregnancy with offspring birth weight and length of gestation.

Comparing Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Viral Co-Detections, Genotypes and Risk Factors for Severe Disease.

Background: It is unclarified as to whether viral co-detection and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) genotypes relate to clinical manifestations in children with HMPV and lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), and if the clinical course and risk factors for severe LRTI differ between HMPV and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Methods: We prospectively enrolled hospitalized children aged <16 years with LRTI from 2006 to 2015. Children were clinically examined, and nasopharyngeal aspirates were analyzed using semi-quantitative, real-time polymerase chain reaction tests for HMPV, RSV and 17 other pathogens.

Premature Adult Death in Individuals Born Preterm: A Sibling Comparison in a Prospective Nationwide Follow-Up Study.

Background: Close to one in ten individuals worldwide is born preterm, and it is important to understand patterns of long-term health and mortality in this group. This study assesses the relationship between gestational age at birth and early adult mortality both in a nationwide population and within sibships. The study adds to existing knowledge by addressing selected causes of death and by assessing the role of genetic and environmental factors shared by siblings.

Folic acid supplementation in early pregnancy and the risk of preeclampsia, small for gestational age offspring and preterm delivery.

Objective: To assess whether folic acid intake during the first trimester of pregnancy is related to pregnancy outcomes preeclampsia, low birth weight or preterm birth.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study of 3647 women who were followed from the first trimester of pregnancy. Detailed information on quantity of folic acid intake before and during the first three months of pregnancy was recorded.

Folic acid supplementation in early pregnancy and asthma in children aged 6 years.

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess whether folic acid intake during the first trimester of pregnancy is related to asthma in the offspring by the age of 6 years.

Study Design: This was a prospective cohort study of 1499 women who were followed up from the first trimester of pregnancy. Their children were followed up until they were 6 years old.

Prenatal or early-life exposure to antibiotics and risk of childhood asthma: a systematic review.

Context: The increasing prevalence of childhood asthma has been associated with low microbial exposure as described by the hygiene hypothesis.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the evidence of association between antibiotic exposure during pregnancy or in the first year of life and risk of childhood asthma.

Methods: PubMed was systematically searched for studies published between 1950 and July 1, 2010.

Birthweight and mortality in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Small birth size may be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), whereas large birth size may predict increased risk of obesity and some cancers. The net effect of birth size on long-term mortality has only been assessed in individual studies, with conflicting results.

Methods: The Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines for conducting and reporting meta-analysis of observational studies were followed.

Antibiotic exposure by 6 months and asthma and allergy at 6 years: Findings in a cohort of 1,401 US children.

Many studies have reported that antibiotic use may be associated with increased risk of childhood asthma. Respiratory tract infections in small children may be difficult to distinguish from early symptoms of asthma, and studies may have been confounded by "protopathic" bias, where antibiotics are used to treat early symptoms of asthma. These analyses of a cohort including 1,401 US children assess the association between antibiotic use within the first 6 months of life and asthma and allergy at 6 years of age between 2003 and 2007.

Placental weight relative to birth weight and long-term cardiovascular mortality: findings from a cohort of 31,307 men and women.

Birth weight is inversely associated with risk of adult cardiovascular disease, and evidence exists that fetal adaptation to challenges in the intrauterine environment may adversely affect long-term cardiovascular health. The placenta is in a key position to mediate such effects because adequate placental function is necessary for delivery of nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to the fetus. This prospective population study based on data from the hospital birth charts of 31,307 Norwegian men and women born between 1934 and 1959 assessed whether placental weight relative to birth weight was associated with risk of death from cardiovascular disease in adulthood.

Head size at birth and long-term mortality from coronary heart disease.

Background: Many studies have shown that low birthweight is associated with increased risk of heart disease in adulthood. It is controversial whether this association is caused by genetic or non-genetic factors, and whether life course exposures, such as adult overweight, could modify the association. We have studied the association of head circumference at birth with later deaths from coronary heart disease (CHD), and assessed whether maternal height and adult body mass could modify the association.

[Human metapneumovirus--occurrence and clinical significance].

Background: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) was isolated for the first time in 2001 from young children with acute respiratory tract infection.

Materials And Methods: Review of published data on the clinical impact of hMPV and our own experience with hMPV during three winter seasons. We present four cases of severe hMPV childhood infections.

[Human metapneumovirus--virologic and diagnostic aspects].

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a pathogenic respiratory virus, discovered in 2001. The virus is part of the family paramyxoviridae and is comparatively closely related to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The clinical manifestations of a hMPV infection are rather similar to infections caused by RSV, ranging from mild upper airway disease to severe pneumonia.