Coordinating science during an eruption: lessons from the 2020-2021 Kīlauea volcanic eruption.

Data collected during well-observed eruptions can lead to dramatic increases in our understanding of volcanic processes. However, the necessary prioritization of public safety and hazard mitigation during a crisis means that scientific opportunities may be sacrificed. Thus, maximizing the scientific gains from eruptions requires improved planning and coordinating science activities among governmental organizations and academia before and during volcanic eruptions.

What lies beneath Yellowstone?

There is more magma than previously recognized, but it may not be eruptible.

Time scales and temperatures of crystal storage in magma reservoirs: implications for magma reservoir dynamics.

The thermal and therefore physical state of magma bodies within the crust controls the processes and time scales required to mobilize magmas before eruptions, which in turn are critical to hazard assessment. Crystal records can be used to reconstruct magma reservoir histories, and the resulting time and length scales are converging with those accessible through numerical modelling of magma system dynamics. The goal of this contribution is to summarize constraints derived from crystal chronometry (radiometric dating and modelling intracrystalline diffusion durations), in order to facilitate use of these data by researchers in other fields.

Response to Comment on "Rapid cooling and cold storage in a silicic magma reservoir recorded in individual crystals".

In a recent paper, we used Li concentration profiles and U-Th ages to constrain the thermal conditions of magma storage. Wilson and co-authors argue that the data instead reflect control of Li behavior by charge balance during partitioning and not by experimentally determined diffusion rates. Their arguments are based on (i) a coupled diffusion mechanism for Li, which has been postulated but has not been documented to occur, and (ii) poorly constrained zircon growth rates combined with the assumption of continuous zircon crystallization.

Rapid cooling and cold storage in a silicic magma reservoir recorded in individual crystals.

Silicic volcanic eruptions pose considerable hazards, yet the processes leading to these eruptions remain poorly known. A missing link is knowledge of the thermal history of magma feeding such eruptions, which largely controls crystallinity and therefore eruptability. We have determined the thermal history of individual zircon crystals from an eruption of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand.

Rapid remobilization of magmatic crystals kept in cold storage.

The processes involved in the formation and storage of magma within the Earth's upper crust are of fundamental importance to volcanology. Many volcanic eruptions, including some of the largest, result from the eruption of components stored for tens to hundreds of thousands of years before eruption. Although the physical conditions of magma storage and remobilization are of paramount importance for understanding volcanic processes, they remain relatively poorly known.