Vascular Anatomy in Congenital Lung Lesions-Description and Classification.

Background: Bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) and hybrid lesion of congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) are congenital lung lesions typically presenting with systemic vascular connection. We describe and categorize this atypical systemic vascular anatomy in congenital lung lesions.

Methods: In a medical chart review from 2005 to 2020 patients with systemic vascular connection of congenital lung lesions were identified.

Treatment Options for Scrotal Migration of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts: Case Illustration and Systematic Review of 48 Cases.

Background: Scrotal migration of intact or disconnected tubing is a rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunts. While some illustrative case reports can be found in the literature, a systematic review on treatment options is lacking.

Objective: To propose the first literature-based treatment algorithm on scrotal shunt migration.

Hereditary pancreatitis in childhood: course of disease and complications.

Background: Hereditary pancreatitis is rare. Pain therapy for juvenile symptom onset, child development and the risk of pancreatic carcinoma in adulthood must be considered.

Patients, Material And Methods: Data from a cohort of 11 patients with disease onset in childhood (< 16 years) were analyzed retrospectively.

Torsion of an undescended testis - A surgical pediatric emergency.

Background/purpose: Torsion of an undescended testis is a surgical emergency whose frequency may be underestimated in the pediatric population. We describe this entity and focus on diagnostic challenges and optimal treatment of torsion of an undescended testis.

Methods: We present a two-center retrospective chart review of patients with torsion of an undescended testis treated between 2013 and 2018.

Pediatric chylothorax-lymphatic imaging enables targeted surgical treatment.

Chylothorax-the collection of lymphatic fluid in the pleural space-is a rare finding in otherwise healthy adolescents. Initially, clinical signs and symptoms are often non-specific and a wide range of underlying causes necessitates extensive diagnostic workup. Treatment options include dietary measures, medical treatment, and various surgical procedures.

Assessment of interpretation of paediatric skeletal radiographs in the emergency room.

Aim: To assess the performance of paediatric skeletal radiography interpretation in the emergency department.

Materials And Methods: In a large paediatric referral centre, data from trauma patients with initially misdiagnosed skeletal radiography was collected from October 2014 to June 2015. Data analysis focused on demographic data, region of the injury and clinical consequences as well as outcome of treatment.

Ileostomy Complications in Infants less than 1500 grams - Frequent but Manageable.

Background: In very low birth weight infants abdominal emergency surgery may result in ileostomy formation. We observed a frequent stoma complications in these patients. This retrospective analysis put light on ileostomy-related problems and complications in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.

Cholelithiasis in children with CHD: is it a problem?

Background: An association of heart disease and its treatment with biliary calculi is popularly accepted. We sought determine the prevalence and risk factors of paediatric gallstone disease in the presence of CHD and analyse the treatment options. We evaluated the role of open-heart surgery in the development of gallstones in patients with CHD.

Therapeutic step-up strategy for management of hereditary pancreatitis in children.

Background/purpose: Various different regimes exist for the treatment of hereditary pancreatitis in childhood. Here, we propose a therapeutic pathway with emphasis on endoscopic and surgical procedures.

Methods: From 2006 to 2013, 12 patients with a diagnosis of hereditary pancreatitis were prospectively included in a therapeutic step-up schema.

Haemoptysis in a teenager: late diagnosis of unnoticed foreign body aspiration.

Chest X-ray in a 17-year-old boy, presenting with haemoptysis, revealed a radiopaque foreign body (FB) in the right lower lobe. There was no history of aspiration. CT located the needle-shaped FB in the right posterobasal lower lobe segment bronchus.

Volvulus without malposition--a single-center experience.

Background: This is a single-center case series about the rare condition of volvulus without malposition and/or malrotation (VWM) in preterm babies. We focus on diagnostic difficulties, and our results should help to distinguish VWM as a distinct entity different from classical volvulus and segmental volvulus.

Materials And Methods: Medical chart review of infants with VWM from 2003-2012 was used.

Early postnatal diagnosis of Costello syndrome.

Costello syndrome is a rare congenital disease with typical craniofacial and musculoskeletal features, cutaneous lesions, cardiac defects and cancer susceptibility. Affected patients show severe feeding difficulties for the first years of life and developmental delay. We present the case of a patient, in whom fetal tachycardia, polyhdramnios and physical characteristics led to an early diagnosis of Costello syndrome.

Sinus sternoclavicularis: a congenital cervical sinus.

We try to characterize a previously rather neglected congenital cervical sinus located in the sternoclavicular area in five children. This sinus showed extension to the left sternoclavicular joint in all patients, so we call this congenital lesion "sinus sternoclavicularis." With knowledge of this congenital lesion, diagnosis can easily be established based on case history and clinical examination; no further radiological tests are required.

Status epilepticus, cardiac resuscitation, and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after ingestion of viscous lidocaine: a plea for more childproof packaging of pharmaceuticals.

Ingestion of viscous lidocaine in children can lead to potentially lethal neurologic and cardiac effects. We report the case of a 2-year-old boy who developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome 2 days after unobserved ingestion of about 500 mg viscous lidocaine (40 mg/kg of bodyweight). Initially, the child presented with convulsive status epilepticus and subsequent cardiac arrest necessitating cardiopulmonary resuscitation for eight minutes.

Necrotizing enterocolitis after open cardiac surgery for congenital heart defects--a serious threat.

Neonates with congenital heart disease are at risk to develop necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Especially in the postoperative period after correction of a congenital heart defect this intestinal inflammatory disease can be a potentially life-threatening complication. The purpose of this case series is to define the specific features of NEC in the postoperative situation, with emphasis on diagnostic difficulties.

Perinatal neuroblastoma of the pancreas.

Neuroblastoma is the most common solid tumor in infancy. Arising from the neural crest these tumors are usually located along the sympathetic chain from the neck to the pelvis and in the adrenal medulla. We report the case of a 3-week-old boy presenting with recurrent episodes of colicky pain.

[Closing gastroschisis: a distinct entity with high morbidity and mortality].

Purpose: We correlate severe bowel damage in gastroschisis to the rare intrauterine event of narrowing of the abdominal wall around the protruding intestines. We describe this "closing gastroschisis" as a distinct entity. Prenatal ultrasound findings as gastric or bowel dilation were compared to the postnatal findings in order to find markers for an early in utero diagnosis of closing gastroschisis.

[Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm following blunt abdominal injury].

Posttraumatic hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms are a rare but life-threatening complication of blunt abdominal trauma with liver damage. We report the case of a child who developed a pseudoaneurysm of the right hepatic artery after a bicycle accident with central liver rupture. After an episode of hemodynamically relevant hemobilia due to delayed bleeding, the asymptomatic pseudoaneurysm was diagnosed coincidentally by ultrasound.

Recurrent pancreatitis due to an intraluminal duodenal diverticulum: report of a case.

We report the investigation and treatment of a 14-year-old girl in whom a detailed assessment of recurrent episodes of pancreatitis revealed a large intraluminal 'windsock'-like duodenal diverticulum. As the diverticulum was closely attached to the papilla of Vater, it was resected by a transduodenal approach. This report focuses on the significance of rare congenital anomalies of the duodenum (e.