Quantitative Trait Loci for Yield and Yield-Related Traits in Spring Barley Populations Derived from Crosses between European and Syrian Cultivars.

In response to climatic changes, breeding programmes should be aimed at creating new cultivars with improved resistance to water scarcity. The objective of this study was to examine the yield potential of barley recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from three cross-combinations of European and Syrian spring cultivars, and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for yield-related traits in these populations. RILs were evaluated in field experiments over a period of three years (2011 to 2013) and genotyped with simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers; a genetic map for each population was constructed and then one consensus map was developed.

Effect of climate change on sporulation of the teleomorphs of species causing stem canker of brassicas.

are closely related sibling fungal pathogens that cause phoma leaf spotting, stem canker (blackleg) and stem necrosis of oilseed rape (). The disease is distributed worldwide, and it is one of the main causes of considerable decrease in seed yield and quality. Information about the time of ascospore release at a particular location provides important data for decision making in plant protection, thereby enabling fungicides to be used only when necessary and at optimal times and doses.

Functional invertebrate prey groups reflect dietary responses to phenology and farming activity and pest control services in three sympatric species of aerially foraging insectivorous birds.

Farming activity severely impacts the invertebrate food resources of farmland birds, with direct mortality to populations of above-ground arthropods thorough mechanical damage during crop harvests. In this study we assessed the effects of phenological periods, including the timing of harvest, on the composition and biomass of prey consumed by three species of aerial insectivorous birds. Common Swifts Apus apus, Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica and House Martins Delichon urbica breed sympatrically and most of their diet is obtained from agricultural sources of invertebrate prey, especially from oil-seed rape crops.

Field electroantennogram and trap assessments of aerosol pheromone dispensers for disrupting mating in Epiphyas postvittana.

An electronically controlled aerosol system for mating disruption was evaluated against Epiphyas postvittana Walker in apple orchards in New Zealand. The area in which male moths were affected by the aerosol system was examined using catches in traps radiating from a central single-point source of either one aerosol can dispenser or 100 polyethylene tubing dispensers, compared with catches in orchard plots without pheromone dispensers. Both pheromone dispensing systems decreased moth catch to similar levels at 5-10 m from the central release point, but there was 5.

Comprehensive MR angiography of the lower limbs: a hybrid dual-bolus approach including the pedal arteries.

The purpose of this study was to include the pedal vasculature into the coverage of peripheral multistation magnetic resonance angiography (3DceMRA). A total of 216 patients suffering from peripheral vascular disease were examined with a modified hybrid dual-bolus technique. The cruropedal arteries were acquired first with two sagittal slabs and time-resolved 3D sequences.

Allergic sensitisation and allergic rhinitis are associated with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet and in red blood cell membranes.

Objective: Due to inconsistent results based on dietary intake data, unsaturated fatty acids in red blood cell (RBC) membranes and diet were used to investigate their association with allergic sensitisation and allergic rhinitis.

Design: Cross-sectional, population-based study.

Setting: Bavarian Nutrition Survey II (2002-03), Germany.

Estimated physical activity in Bavaria, Germany, and its implications for obesity risk: results from the BVS-II Study.

Background: Adequate physical activity (PA) is considered as a key factor in the fight against the obesity epidemic. Therefore, detailed description of the actual PA and its components in the population is necessary. Additionally, this study aims to investigate the association between PA and obesity risk in a representative population sample in Bavaria, Germany.

The effect of season and vaccination for Glässer's disease and post-weaning Colibacillosis in an outdoor pig unit endemically infected with virulent strain of Haemophilus Parasuis serotype 5 and pathogenic Escherichia coli.

Unlabelled: The objective of this field trial was to determine if vaccination against Haemophilus parasuis serovar 5 (HPS 5) and pathogenic serotypes of Escherichia coli would improve nursery pig performance in an outdoor unit in different seasons. The unit was concurrently infected with HPS 5 and with different serotypes of E. coli.

How optimal are computer-calculated optimal diets?

Objective: This paper aims at clarifying the meaning of 'optimal diets'.

Design: Two different optimization approaches are considered. Both depart from people's actual diets which in general do not meet all their nutrient requirements.

Sucrose intake in Germany.

The present investigation reevaluated the German National Food Consumption Survey in order to obtain data on sucrose intake and food sources of sucrose intake in Germany. Moreover, it focused on the effect of sucrose intake on nutrient intake. By means of the food composition data base Bundeslebensmittelschlüssel, version II.

Defining Interaction between Electroantennogram Responses of Epiphyas postvittana (lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to Pheromone and Other Volatiles.

The potential for electroantennograms (EAGs) to assist in the measurement of atmospheric pheromone concentrations was examined in laboratory and field experiments by using multiple stimuli, the main component of the pheromone of Epiphyas postvittana, (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, its Z-isomer (a behavioral antagonist), and alpha-terpineol (a representative host-plant odor) were presented to the antenna simultaneously to simulate field conditions. The EAG results were compared with predictions from two models describing responses to combined stimuli. Responses are defined as log-additive if they can be described with the equation [EAG((total)) =a (log ([P(x)]+[B(y)])+c] and as linear-additive if the EAG follows the equation [EAG((total)) =a (log [P(x)])+c+a'(log [B(y)])+c'] where [B(y)] is the concentration of the stimulant background odor and [P(x)] is the concentration of an additional odor stimulus.

Apple foliage enhances mating disruption of light-brown apple moth.

Uptake and release of pheromone and behavioral inhibitor ofEpiphyas postvittanna by apple leaves was tested using field electroantennograms (EAG), trap catches to synthetic lures and virgin females, and chemical analysis. Trap catches in single apple trees (N=3) were monitored for six cycles of six days' duration, using delta traps baited with synthetic pheromone. Polyethylene dispensers (0, 1, 10 per tree) releasing pheromone and inhibitor were present for only the first three days of each cycle.

Behavioral observations and measurements of aerial pheromone in a mating disruption trial against pea mothCydia nigricana F. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae).

Synthetic sex pheromone of the pea mothCydia nigricana. (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate (E8,E10-12 : Ac), was applied in a 3-ha pea field at a rate of 17 g/ha, in two different dispenser formulations. Aerial concentrations within pea canopy, as determined by a field electroantennogram (EAG) apparatus, were 2 and 3 ng/m(3) in the two dispenser treatments.

Spatial distribution of pheromone in vineyards treated for mating disruption of the grape vine mothLobesia botrana measured with electroantennograms.

The spatial distribution of the pheromone of the grape vine moth.Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), was measured in vineyards treated for mating disruption by using an electroantennogram technique (EAG). Five hundred dispensers per hectare, each containing 0.

[An approach for planning hospital menus using a knowledge-based system].

Menu planning in hospitals is a complex decision problem. Patients expect the menu plan to be healthful and in accordance with their nutritional habits. Furthermore, the menu plan must conform to capacity limits of the kitchen.

[Comparison of dietary surveys in Germany and Great Britain regarding objectives, methodology and results].

Referring to the data of the National Food Consumption Study in Germany and the Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults, this article compares the food intake of German and British adults. Such a comparison is possible because both studies have mainly the same methodology. The comparison of the food intake of German and British adults points out food groups which Germans consume in higher amounts than British people do.

A temperature-dependent model for predicting release rates of pheromone from a polyethylene tubing dispenser.

A model was developed to describe release of two formulations of tetradecenyl acetates in Shin Etsu polyethylene tubing pheromone dispensers. Change in pheromone column length in the polyethylene tubing was modeled bydl/dt=l ..

Absorption and release of pheromone ofEpiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by apple leaves.

The absorption and release of the pheromone ofEpiphyas postvititana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae),E 11-14: OAc andE,E 9, 11-14: OAc (95:5) by apple leaves was studied using electroantennograms (EAG) and sticky traps baited with pheromone-treated leaves. Leaves exposed to an airstream containing pheromone reached a constant level of pheromone release within 3 min. Release occurred over a period greater than 24 hr, following removal of leaves from the pheromone-saturated environment.

Mating disruption of pea mothCydia nigricana F. (lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by a repellent blend of sex pheromone and attraction inhibitors.

Synthetic sex pheromone of the pea mothCydia nigricana, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate (E8,E10-12: Ac), was applied in polyethylene dispensers at a rate of 30 g/ha and 600 dispensers/ha in a 0.6-ha pea field. The release rate ofE8,E10-12: Ac was 140 mg/ha/day after six days, and 82 mg/ha/day after 20 days.

An improved system for single unit isolation from multiunit nerve recordings by velocity analysis.

A system for recording and decomposition of complex extracellular spike trains by analog computing is presented. Unlike other systems, it is not necessary to establish templates for the analysis. Rather by adjustments of a single knob, the velocity band can be adjusted.

[Subchronic toxicity of gamma-Falisan-Universal dry dressing agent to rats].

Doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg of Gamma-Falisan-Universal dry dressing agent (active ingredients including 20 per cent of Lindan and 2.5 per cent of phenyl-mercury acetate) were administered in agar suspension by stomach intubation to rats over 13 weeks, with five applications weekly. The following changes were produced: retardation in body weight, lymphopenia and leucopenia, rise of segment-nuclear neutrophils in peripheral blood, decrease of haematocrit and haemoglobin, as well as rise in activities of leucine aminopeptidase and serum glutamate oxalo-acetate transaminase.