Exploring the Antioxidative Effects of Ginger and Cinnamon: A Comprehensive Review of Evidence and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Other Oxidative Stress-Related Disorders.

Oxidative stress represents the pathophysiological basis for most disorders, including reproductive issues. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is heterogeneous endocrine disorder of women characterized primarily by irregular menstrual cycles, hyper-androgenism, and ovulatory dysfunction. In the last decades, PCOS was recognized as a systemic silent inflammation and an oxidative disturbance-related disorder, exerting multifaceted symptoms, including metabolic.

[The mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action of enisamium iodide].

Aim: The role of cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and/or COX-2), transcription nuclear factor NF-κB, anti-inflammatory cytokines - TGF1b, IL-4, IL-10 and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6 were studied to substantiate the expediency of antiviral agent enisamium iodide (Nobazit) using to regulate key inflammatory components in acute respiratory infections, IL-8, TNF-alpha in the realization of the pharmacological activity of this drug.

Materials And Methods: Gene expression was determined by real-time RT-PCR, the concentration of interleukins was determined by ELISA, and the viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was assessed by the MTT spectrophotometric method. The chemiluminescence method was used to assess PBMC oxidant activity.

[Pharmacoepidemiological research of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation EGIDA-2020].

Aim: An analysis of coronavirus infection in Russia and evaluation of different AVT regimens effectiveness.

Materials And Methods: The study involved a retrospective analysis of 1082 patient records with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in 17 regions of Russia. The number of men and women was equal, mean age 48.

Potential factors of resistance to clarithromycin.

Objectives: A comparative dissolution kinetics test (CDKT) and bioequivalence studies of generic proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) do not model pharmacological acid suppression (PAS) and pathological duodenogastric reflux (PDGR). This study aimed to model them in CDKT to assess drugs stability and potential pantoprazole-clarithromycin interactions.

Methods: In CDKT, PDGR (dissolution medium pH 7.

Deep Learning for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis Using Infrared Quantum Cascade Laser Spectroscopy.

An estimated 10.5% of the world's population aged 20-79 years are currently living with diabetes in 2021. An urgent task is to develop a non-invasive express-diagnostics of diabetes with high accuracy.

[NSAID enteropathy].

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most commonly used drugs in the world, and their side effects are very high. First of all, these are NSAID gastropathy, but in the long term, 5070% of NSAIDs cause damage to the small intestine (NSAID enteropathy), sometimes with serious consequences. To date, no drugs have been proposed with proven effectiveness to prevent this side effect.

[Review of current and future directions of antiviral therapy of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections in Russia].

Aim: to determine the perspectives for the use of drugs with combined antiviral, anti - inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity on the basis of medical studies of existing antiviral drugs for the treatment of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections in Russia.

Materials And Methods: A brief review of the antiviral drugs used in Russia for the treatment of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections was conducted on the basis of 37 articles published in Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and RSCI databases in the period from 1997 to 2018.

Results: Resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir), is slowly developing due to the mutations of the neuraminidase gene H275Y and Q136K.

Nephrolithiasis against type 2 diabetes mellitus: on the effect of hypoglycemic therapy on lithogenesis.

Aim: To study the effects of oral hypoglycemic agents that can affect the probability of recurrence of nephrolithiasis.

Materials And Methods: The article is based on the results of examination and treatment of 315 patients suffering from recurrent nephroli-thiasis and medically compensated type 2 diabetes mellitus treated at the N.A.

[Effects of oral hypoglycemic drugs on lithogenic properties of urine in nephrolithiasis patients with concurrent type 2 diabetes].

Aim: To investigate the effects of oral hypoglycemic drugs on the lithogenic properties of urine in nephrolithiasis patients with concurrent type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: The study comprised 376 patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis and compensated type II diabetes mellitus who attended the N.A.

[INFLUENCE OF PROGESTERONE DERIVATIVES ON THE VIABILITY AND EXPRESSION OF ESTROGEN RECEPTOR-ALPHA MRNA IN HELA CELLS.].

We have studied the effect of new ligands of progesterone receptors, including pregna-D'-pentaran 6-methoxyimino-16a,17a-cyclohexanopregn-4-en-3,20-dio-ne (K1047), 17a-acetoxy-3b-butanoyloxy-6-methylpregna-4,6-dien-20-one (buterol), progesterone (P4), and medroxyprogesterone acetate on the viability of HeLa cells and expression of estrogen receptor-alpha (Era) mRNA gene in these cells. K1I047 and buterol exhibited high cytostatic activity, which exceeded the activity of reference compounds on the average by 15% (p < 0.05).

[EMPIRICAL ANTIBACTERIAL PROPHYLAXIS IN EMERGENCY SURGERY].

The main principles of selecting antibacterial drugs for prophylactic therapy of patients prior to surgery of gastrointestinal tract, vessels, skin, and soft tissues are considered. Special attention is devoted to antibacterial prophylaxis in co-morbid patients, in particular those with chronic renal insufficiency, chronic liver disorder, decompensated diabetes mellitus, and allergy to beta-lactam antibiotics. All proposed schemes are optimized with respect to three criteria: clinical effectiveness, economic feasibility, and epidemiologic safety (stopping the selection of poly-resistant microbial families).

[Modern combined oral contraceptive pills].

Hormonal contraceptives possess unique additional (non-contraceptive) properties that offer potential health benefits and help maintaining good quality of life. This review presents the existing notions about molecular mechanisms of the direct and side effects of combined oral contraceptive pills (COCPs), and gives a generalized classification of synthetic progestins. A new illustrative scheme, showing the androgen and corticoid properties of synthetic progestins, is presented.

[Relative binding activity of dydrogesterone with blood mononuclear cells progesterone receptors of women included in the IVF program].

It has been shown that specific binding of dydrogesterone with progesterone receptors in blood mononuclear cells of the patients included in the programs of in vitro fertilization, varies from 0 to 298%, thus at 38% of women dydrogesterone concedes to a progesterone in the competition for receptors of a progesterone, and 62%--exceed. The revealed variations of specific binding dydrogesterone with receptors of a progesterone are a reserve of increase of efficiency of auxiliary reproductive technology at the expense of individual selection of hormonal agents.

[Concentrations of urine 6-sulfatoxymelatonin during the treatment of patients with epilepsy: a pilot clinical trial].

The effect of the epiphysis hormone melatonin on the brain bioelectrical activity is understudied: the data of experimental and clinical studies of melatonin effects are inconclusive and related mostly to exogenous administration. We studied 43 patients with focal epilepsy, 25 patients with cryptogenic epilepsy and 18 with symptomatic epilepsy. Carbamazepine and valproate were used as anticonvulsive drugs.

[Estrogens and brain].

Recent data upon molecular mechanisms of pleiotropic action of estrogens in human brain is presented in the article. Given detailed descriptions of properties of classical and membrane bound estradiol receptors, that maintain gene expression regulation, modulation of neurotransmittent systems and signal cascade activation in neuronal cells. Data upon regional distribution of estradiol receptor subtypes in the brain, their participation in main cell population function control (including progenitor cells) is given.

[Empiric treatment of pyelonephritis].

The article analyses the most typical clinical situations in empirical treatment of pyelonephritis including situations with comorbid severe diseases: decompensated diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, HIV-infection. Choice of antibacterial medicines for empiric treatment of pyelonephritis is based on the results of the latest studies of antibioticoresistance of pyelonephritis pathogens as well as on specific features of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibacterial drugs.

[Current status of antibiotic resistance of pyelonephritis causing pathogens].

The article gives the analysis of frequent clinical situations arising in empiric therapy of pyelonephritis alone and accompanied with other severe diseases such as decompensated diabetes mellitus, chronic renal insufficiency, HIV infection. The choice of antibacterial drugs for empiric therapy of pyelonephritis is based on the results of the tests for antibiotic resistance of pyelonephritis causing agents, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies. Present-day standards and recommendations of leading centers of pyelonephritis empiric therapy are reviewed.

[Gestagens and the brain].

Modern data on molecular mechanisms underlying intracerebral pleutropic action ofgestagens (progesterone, its metabolites, and synthetic gestagens) are reviewed. Properties of classical and membrane-bound progesterone receptors involved in regulation of gene expression, modulation of neurotransmitter systems, and activation of signal cascades in neurons are described along with data of regional distribution of progesterone receptor subtypes in brain, metabolism, functional activity, and mechanisms of action of progesterone metabolites. Special attention is given to analysis of progesterone and metabolite neuroprotective activity in CNS, such as anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects, and participation in neurogenesis regulation.

[Influence of the structure of synthetic gestagens on their binding to progesteron receptors in the endometrium].

Chemical modification of progesterone molecule leads to changes both in the gestagenic activity of new derivatives and in their specific binding with progesterone receptors. The passage from esters (acetomepregenole, butagest) to the corresponding OH-forms such as 17a-acetoxy-3b-hydroxy-6-methyl-pregna-4,6-dien-20-one (ABMP)is accompanied by an increase in the binding with progesterone receptors in vitro. The translocation of a double bond from endocyclic (N6-N7) to exocyclic position (methylene group at N6 in ABMP) has no significant effect on the ability to binding with progesterone receptors.

Relative binding activity of new antigestagens with progesterone receptors in human hyperplastic endometrium.

We determined the content and binding capacity of progesterone receptors in the endometrium of patients with adenomatous and fibroid polyps, adenocystic hyperplasia, and atypical hyperplasia before and after gestagen therapy. Hyperplasia of the endometrium was accompanied by changes in affinity of cytosolic progesterone receptors for antigestagens, which provides the possibility of individual correction of hormone therapy.

Effect of mifegin on the content of cyclic nucleotides in the cervical myometrium in full-term pregnancy.

Cervical myometrium was examined in 22 pregnant women at 39-41 weeks gestation at risk of labor abnormalities. The patients received mifegin for preparing to labor. A new component in the mechanism of mifegin effect on the uterine cervix in full-term pregnancy was revealed: mifegin elevated the content of cAMP by 50% and almost 2-fold increased the cAMP/cGMP ratio compared to the initial level.

Antiprogestagen activity of 5H-progesterone metabolites and their analogues, 16alpha,17alpha-cyclohexane-5H-pregnan-3,20-diones.

Antiprogestin activity of 5H-progesterone metabolites and their analogues 16alpha,17alpha-cyclohexan-5H-pregnan-3,20-diones was tested on rats. Modified pregnancy interruption test showed that 5alpha (H)-isomers of natural and synthetic hormones exhibit maximum activity.