Bioelectricity production using shade macrophytes in constructed wetlands-microbial fuel cells.

The coupling of constructed wetlands (CW) to microbial fuel cells (MFC) has become a promising hybrid technology due to its high compatibility to generate electricity and remove pollutants from wastewater. In the present study, the bioelectricity production generated from constructed wetlands-microbial fuel cells (CW-MFCs) was evaluated using four species of shade macrophytes: , , and . The CW-MFCs were operated in a continuous upflow mode with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 d.