Public Health Research Priorities for Fungal Diseases: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Save Lives.

Fungal infections can cause severe disease and death and impose a substantial economic burden on healthcare systems. Public health research requires a multidisciplinary approach and is essential to help save lives and prevent disability from fungal diseases. In this manuscript, we outline the main public health research priorities for fungal diseases, including the measurement of the fungal disease burden and distribution and the need for improved diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.

Artificial Intelligence Autonomously Measures Cup Orientation, Corrects for Pelvis Orientation, and Identifies Retroversion From Antero-Posterior Pelvis Radiographs.

Background: Measuring cup orientation is time consuming and inaccurate, but orientation influences the risk of impingement and dislocation following total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study designed an artificial intelligence (AI) program to autonomously determine cup orientation, correct for pelvis orientation, and identify cup retroversion from an antero-posterior pelvic radiographs.

Methods: There were 2,945 patients between 2012 and 2019 identified to have 504 computed tomographic (CT) scans of their THA.

Prevention Techniques Have Had Minimal Impact on the Population Rate of Prosthetic Joint Infection for Primary Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A National Database Study.

Background: Several studies over the years have offered modalities that may greatly decrease the rate of periprosthetic joint infection when implemented. As a result, one would expect a drastic decrease in infection rate among the implementing population with its widespread use. The purpose of this study was to assess whether there exists a decrease in infection rate over time, after accounting for available confounding variables, within a large national database.

High Frequency of Self-Diagnosis and Self-Treatment in a Nationally Representative Survey about Superficial Fungal Infections in Adults-United States, 2022.

Data about the prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and public knowledge of superficial fungal infections in the United States are scarce. These infections are a growing concern given the emergence of antifungal drug resistance. We analyzed data from a national survey of nearly 6000 U.

Handsome or Rugged? : A Speed-Dating Study of Ovulatory Shifts in Women's Preferences for Masculinity in Men.

We tested the good genes ovulatory shift hypothesis through speed-dating, an ecologically valid paradigm with real life consequences. Fifteen speed-dating sessions of 262 single Asian Americans were held. We analyzed 850 speed-dates involving 132 men and 100 normally ovulating women, finding ovulatory shifts in the desirability of men with more masculine facial measurements (smaller eye-mouth-eye angle, larger lower face to full face height ratio, and smaller facial width to lower face height ratio) in the predicted direction.

Investigation of a Prolonged and Large Outbreak of Healthcare-Associated Mucormycosis Cases in an Acute Care Hospital-Arkansas, June 2019-May 2021.

Background: Outbreaks of healthcare-associated mucormycosis (HCM), a life-threatening fungal infection, have been attributed to multiple sources, including contaminated healthcare linens. In 2020, staff at Hospital A in Arkansas alerted public health officials of a potential HCM outbreak.

Methods: We collected data on patients at Hospital A who had invasive mucormycosis during January 2017-June 2021 and calculated annual incidence of HCM (defined as mucormycosis diagnosed within ≥7 days after hospital admission).

Spread of Sporothrix spp. through respiratory droplets from infected cats: A potential route of transmission.

Cases of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis in Brazil have increased in recent years. We collected respiratory secretions expelled while sneezing from 28 cats diagnosed with sporotrichosis. We identified the presence of Sporothrix spp.

Healthcare Provider Testing Practices for Tinea and Familiarity with Antifungal-Drug-Resistant Tinea-United States, 2022.

Tinea, a dermatophyte fungal infection, is a common outpatient complaint that is easily misdiagnosed by visual inspection. Antifungal-drug-resistant tinea is an emerging global public health problem, with several cases reported in the United States. We analyzed data from a Spring 2022 web-based survey of healthcare provider attitudes and practices.

The Understanding and Experiences of Living with Dementia in Chinese New Zealanders.

Little is known about the lived experience of dementia in the New Zealand Chinese community. This study aims to explore the understanding and experiences of living with dementia in Chinese New Zealanders. Participants were recruited from a memory service and a community dementia day programme.

Interpersonal conflict increases interpersonal neural synchronization in romantic couples.

Previous studies on dual-brain social interaction have shown different patterns of interpersonal neural synchronization (INS) between conflictual and supportive interactions, but the role of emotion in the dual-brain mechanisms of such interactions is not well understood. Furthermore, little is known about how the dual-brain mechanisms are affected by relationship type (e.g.

The area method for measuring acetabular cup anteversion: An accurate and autonomous solution.

Several radiological methods of measuring anteversion of the acetabular component after total hip arthroplasty have been described, all time-consuming and with varying reproducibility. This study aimed to compare the recently proposed Area method to true cup anteversion as determined by an accelerometer. This study further applied this method programmatically to autonomously determine radiographic cup orientation using two computer programs, then compared these results to hand and accelerometer measurements.

Factors Associated with Participation in Elementary School-Based SARS-CoV-2 Testing - Salt Lake County, Utah, December 2020-January 2021.

During December 3, 2020-January 31, 2021, CDC, in collaboration with the University of Utah Health and Economic Recovery Outreach Project,* Utah Department of Health (UDOH), Salt Lake County Health Department, and one Salt Lake county school district, offered free, in-school, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) saliva testing as part of a transmission investigation of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, in elementary school settings. School contacts of persons with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, including close contacts, were eligible to participate (1). Investigators approached parents or guardians of student contacts by telephone, and during January, using school phone lines to offer in-school specimen collection; the testing procedures were explained in the preferred language of the parent or guardian.

Artificial intelligence accurately identifies total hip arthroplasty implants: a tool for revision surgery.

Background: A critical part in preoperative planning for revision arthroplasty surgery involves the identification of the failed implant. Using a predictive artificial neural network (ANN) model, the objectives of this study were: (1) to develop a machine-learning algorithm using operative big data to identify an implant from a radiograph; and (2) to compare algorithms that optimise accuracy in a timely fashion.

Methods: Using 2116 postoperative anteroposterior (AP) hip radiographs of total hip arthroplasties from 2002 to 2019, 10 artificial neural networks were modeled and trained to classify the radiograph according to the femoral stem implanted.

Use of the Behavior Assessment Tool in 18 Pilot Residency Programs.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and evaluate the effectiveness of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Behavior Tool (ABOSBT) for measuring professionalism.

Methods: Through collaboration between the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery and American Orthopaedic Association's Council of Residency Directors, 18 residency programs piloted the use of the ABOSBT. Residents requested assessments from faculty at the end of their clinical rotations, and a 360° request was performed near the end of the academic year.

Discriminatory questions asked during residency programme interviews: perspective from both interviewers and applicants.

Background: The National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) policy requires interview officials to refrain from asking illegal or coercive questions that may introduce discrimination; however, compliance is insufficient.

Method: An Institutional Review Board-approved 12 question survey was distributed to 130 allopathic medical schools with 551 responses from 18 187 students applying in the 2015-2016 residency match. In addition, a 16-question survey was distributed through residency coordinators to residency programme interviewers with 481 responses from 21 of 22 residency specialities.

Characterising acetabular component orientation with pelvic motion during total hip arthroplasty.

Introduction: Suboptimal acetabular component position can result in impingement, dislocation, and accelerated wear. Intraoperative pelvic motion has led to surgeon error and acetabular cup malposition. This study characterises the relationship between pelvic rotation and postoperative acetabular cup orientation.

Complications of total joint arthroplasty in solid organ transplant patients versus a large control group.

Background: Solid organ transplant patients are theoretically at increased risk for complications after total joint replacement due to immunosuppressive medication regimens and multiple medical co-morbidities. There are a number of studies that report on outcomes of total joint arthroplasty (TJA) following solid organ transplant, however, the results are heterogeneous. This study evaluated the outcomes of TJA in solid organ transplant patients as compared to non-organ transplant controls at one academic medical center.

Gender Differences in Program Factors Important to Applicants When Evaluating Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Programs.

Background: Despite specialty-driven efforts to improve diversity in the field, few women apply to orthopaedic residency, and women are unevenly distributed among programs. There is little evidence-based information on factors that may attract female applicants.

Objective: This study aims to identify factors important to applicants when evaluating orthopaedic residency programs and to identify gender-specific differences.