Relative Bioavailability Studies With Mitapivat: Formulation and Food Effect Assessments in Healthy Subjects.

Pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is a rare, hereditary, hemolytic anemia caused by mutations in the PKLR gene encoding the PK enzyme. Mitapivat (previously designated AG-348) is a first-in-class, oral, allosteric activator of PK. We report results from 5 Phase 1 trials in healthy adults to characterize and compare mitapivat pharmacokinetics across different formulations and analyze food effects on mitapivat bioavailability (Studies 1-5).

A comparison of public views about sports concussion recovery with current guidelines: where are the gaps and overlaps?

Background Sports concussion (SC) management guidelines have recently been updated. A key focus is the emphasis on rest (immediately postinjury) followed by gradual resumption of activity (active recovery). This study aimed to explore community views on SC management and compared these with the guidelines.

Reducing crash risk for young drivers: Protocol for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial to improve young driver sleep.

Background: Road trauma is a leading cause of death and disability for young Australians (15-24 years). Young adults are overrepresented in crashes due to sleepiness, with two-thirds of their fatal crashes attributed to sleepy driving. This trial aims to examine the effectiveness of a sleep extension and education program for improved road safety in young adults.

A Double-Blind Randomised Controlled Trial of Prebiotic Supplementation in Children with Autism: Effects on Parental Quality of Life, Child Behaviour, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, and the Microbiome.

Purpose: Modifying gut bacteria in children with autism may influence behaviour, with potential to improve family functioning. We conducted a randomised controlled trial to assess the effect of prebiotics on behaviour, gastrointestinal symptoms and downstream effects on parental quality of life.

Method: Children with autism (4-10yrs) were randomised to 2.

Atypical symptom reporting after mild traumatic brain injury.

Objective: Early reporting of atypical symptoms following a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) may be an early indicator of poor prognosis. This study aimed to determine the percentage of people reporting atypical symptoms 1-month post-mTBI and explore links to recovery 12 months later in a community-dwelling mTBI sample.

Methods: Adult participants (>16 years) who had experienced a mTBI were identified from a longitudinal incidence study (BIONIC).

Sports fans, wagering, and concussion knowledge: implications for injury nondisclosure.

Objective: Athletes perceive sports fans as a source of concussion nondisclosure pressure. Sports fans are exposed to injury depictions from the media that could lead them to underestimate its seriousness. This study examined the concussion knowledge of non-sports fans, sports fans, and wagering sports fans, as knowledge is a modifiable factor that can influence injury disclosure.

A 'Network of Understanding and Compassion': A Qualitative Study of Survivor Perspectives on Unmet Needs After Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in Regional Communities.

Objective: This qualitative study aimed to identify the service and support needs of people with a recent history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) living in the community.

Methods: A postal survey was sent to 662 people 6-18 months after hospital admission for a mild-to-severe TBI. The survey included an open-ended item ('wish-basket') for collecting ideas about important unmet needs.

Understanding the Sociocognitive Determinants Underlying Intentions to Exercise for Postconcussion Symptom Relief: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior.

Context: This study investigated individual sociocognitive factors from the theory of planned behavior and their relationship to exercise for postconcussion recovery.

Design And Methods: Four hundred and fifty-nine Australian adults, two-thirds of whom had no concussion history (66%), completed an online survey of their beliefs and attitudes toward exercise for postconcussion recovery. Secondary questions evaluated program design features that could affect engagement (eg, session frequency).

A psychometric evaluation of a new social subscale for the Common Misconceptions about Traumatic Brain Injury (CM-TBI) questionnaire: toward the CM-TBI-II.

Objective: Existing TBI misconception measures are critiqued for failing to measure postinjury social experiences. This study developed a social subscale for the Common Misconceptions about TBI (CM-TBI) questionnaire for use in the general public.

Methods: Seven experts independently review items drawn from the literature.

Three levels of framing.

A sociologist and a linguist, unaware of each other's work, each assigned a technical meaning to the term frame around 1970, based on separate usages of the word frame from the 1950s. Each researcher instigated a theory of frame analysis. Over the following decades, the two approaches to framing became intertwined as followers of both Goffman and Fillmore studied metaphoric framing, examined factors affecting the communication of frames, and became particularly interested in politics and the mass media.

Exercise Parameters for Postconcussion Symptom Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review.

Context: Exercise rehabilitation for postconcussion symptoms (PCS) has shown some benefits in adolescent athletes; but a synthesis of evidence on exercise per se has been lacking.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to determine if unimodal exercise interventions are useful to treat PCS and if so, to identify a set of clearly defined and effective exercise parameters for further research.

Evidence Acquisition: Relevant health databases and clinical trial registries were searched from inception to June 2022.

Post-exertional malaise among people with long COVID compared to myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).

Background: Long COVID describes a condition with symptoms that linger for months to years following acute COVID-19. Many of these Long COVID symptoms are like those experienced by patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).

Objective: We wanted to determine if people with Long COVID experienced post-exertional malaise (PEM), the hallmark symptom of ME/CFS, and if so, how it compared to PEM experienced by patients with ME/CFS.

Effects of dance on gait and dual-task gait in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Gait impairments in Parkinson's disease (PD) limit independence and quality of life. While dance-based interventions could improve gait, further studies are needed to determine if the benefits generalise to different terrains and when dual-tasking. The aim was to assess the effects of a dance intervention, based on the Dance for PD® (DfPD®) program, on gait under different dual-tasks (verbal fluency, serial subtraction) and surfaces (even, uneven), and to determine if a larger scale follow-up RCT is warranted.

Factor structure of the modified Rivermead Post-concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (mRPQ): an exploratory analysis with healthy adult simulators.

Objective: Persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCS) are challenging to diagnose. An improved diagnostic process could consider and postconcussion symptoms. This study examined the structure of a modified Rivermead Post-concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (mRPQ) with both symptom types.

Developing and piloting the Consumer Experience of Capacity Assessment Tool (CECAT).

Autonomy in personal decision-making (DM) is a fundamental human right. Yet, DM can be impaired for many reasons, including poor health. If impairments are suspected, they may be formally investigated via a capacity assessment.

Ratings of the reasons and the disclosure of an Alzheimer's disease diagnosis: has anything changed in the past 20 years?

Objectives: The disclosure of an Alzheimer's disease diagnosis poses challenges for health care professionals, patients, and their families. Past research has shown that people favour disclosure, but it is uncertain if this situation has changed.

Method: We used a cross-sectional online survey to explore disclosure preferences in a sample of young adults ( = 229; 66.

Orthostatic Challenge Causes Distinctive Symptomatic, Hemodynamic and Cognitive Responses in Long COVID and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

Background: Some patients with acute COVID-19 are left with persistent, debilitating fatigue, cognitive impairment ("brain fog"), orthostatic intolerance (OI) and other symptoms ("Long COVID"). Many of the symptoms are like those of other post-infectious fatigue syndromes and may meet criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Common diagnostic laboratory tests are often unrevealing.

Public awareness of legal decision-making capacity and planning instruments in dementia: implications for health care practitioners.

The protection of a person facing difficulties with legal decision-making can be challenging; however, estate planning documents (EPDs) can offer safeguards. Little is known about the community awareness of EPDs and their perceived importance, including for people with dementia. Two-hundred and thirty adults read a mild dementia vignette, proposed a diagnosis for the vignette character (VC), and rated the VC's legal decision-making capacity (DMC).

Postconcussion discharge advice does not improve concussion knowledge in a community sample.

Objective: Poor concussion knowledge in the community has been linked to reduced injury identification. This study investigated if concussion knowledge could be improved by providing standard postinjury advice (written brochure).

Methods: This study was a prospective, controlled study, with random allocation of 199 Australian adults to receive either a concussion information (CI, n=101), or non-CI (n=98).

On becoming a dementia-friendly community: An empirical study of the individual factors that predict openness towards dementia-friendly communities.

Background And Objectives: Evidence suggests that limited public awareness and dementia-related stigma can create barriers to community inclusiveness. This study explored the relation between public knowledge of dementia, attitudes towards people with dementia, experience with dementia and openness towards dementia-friendly communities.

Research Design And Methods: Two-hundred and twenty-nine members of the public completed a cross-sectional online survey with three established measures [Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Test, Attitudes Towards People with Dementia scale and Understanding of Health Problems survey] and one exploratory scale [Openness Towards Dementia-Friendly Communities].

Recovery after traumatic brain injury: An integrative review of the role of social factors on postinjury outcomes.

This research is an integrative review of the literature on social factors in TBI outcomes. It examines how such factors have been framed in TBI models, the social experience of people post-injury, and the evidence for effective social interventions. Evidence suggests that even when physical functioning has improved after injury, there is a lingering social distress that leaves individuals isolated and functionally impaired.

Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation: An Exercise Immunology Perspective.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the largest cause of death and disability globally. The physical and psychosocial consequences after TBI can persist for prolonged periods, and lead to increased health care and economic burden. Exercise has shown promise over recent years as a mode of rehabilitation that alleviates multiple TBI symptoms; but there is a lack of controlled large-scale studies and limited research into the underlying mechanisms.

Quality of life, community integration, service needs and clinical outcomes of people with traumatic brain injury in urban, regional and remote areas of Queensland, Australia.

Objective: To understand and explore the traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes for people returning to urban versus rural communities post-injury, and if geographical location plays a role in those outcomes.

Design: Cross-sectional mail-out survey of TBI patients, using standardised, quantitative measures.

Setting: Data were drawn from three Accessibility Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA) areas in Queensland to model the contribution of these areas and other factors to TBI outcomes.

Research Letter: Concussion Knowledge Is Difficult to Predict From Self-Reported Exposure, Sports Participation, and Education.

Objectives: Increasing concussion knowledge could contribute to improving injury outcomes. Understanding the predictors of concussion knowledge could determine the areas of educational need. This study examined whether individual factors, prior brain injury, prior concussion education, and contact-sports participation predicted concussion knowledge.