Dispelling the remoteness myth- a geospatial analysis of where out-of-hospital cardiac arrests are occurring in Western Australia.

Background: Rurality has been shown to have a strong effect on survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), with survival in rural areas approximately half that of metropolitan areas. Western Australia provides a unique landscape to understand the impact of rurality, with 2.6 million people spread across 2.

The reality of rurality: Understanding the impact of remoteness on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Western Australia - A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Western Australia (WA) spans a large, sparsely-populated area of Australia, presenting a challenge for the provision of Emergency Medical Service (EMS), particularly for time-critical emergencies such as out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Objective: To assess the impact of rurality on the epidemiology, incidence and survival of OHCA in WA.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of EMS-attended OHCA in WA from 2015 to 2022.

Specialist services in early diagnosis and support for older people with dementia in England: Staff roles and service mix.

Objectives: This study investigated staff roles and tasks in Community Mental Health Teams (CMHT) and memory clinics, which are provided within a framework determined by local Clinical Commissioning Groups.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data in England in 2015. Teams were identified by mental health providers (n = 68) and invited to complete a questionnaire.

The effect of the ketogenic diet on the developing skeleton.

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a medically supervised, high fat, low carbohydrate and restricted protein diet which has been used successfully in patients with refractory epilepsy. Only one published report has explored its effect on the skeleton. We postulated that the KD impairs skeletal health parameters in patients on the KD.

Provision and perceived quality of mental health services for older care home residents in England: a national survey.

Objective: This study examined the nature, extent and perceived quality of the support provided by community mental health teams for older people (CMHTsOP) to care home residents.

Methods: A postal survey was sent to all CMHTsOP in England. Information was collected about teams' staffing and their involvement in case finding, assessment, medication reviews, care planning and training as well as team managers' rating of the perceived quality of the service they provided for care home residents.

Impulsivity and cue reactivity in smokers with comorbid depression and anxiety: Possible implications for smoking cessation treatment strategies.

Smoking remains one of the most preventable causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States (1). A number of factors contribute to the initiation and maintenance of smoking behavior, including psychosocial influences (2,3), neurobehavioral traits (4), and genetic susceptibility (5-7). Prevalence rates of tobacco dependence among individuals with mental health issues are strikingly high when compared to the general population, particularly among individuals with depression and anxiety disorders (8).

Elderly patients have an altered gut-brain axis regardless of the presence of cirrhosis.

Cognitive difficulties manifested by the growing elderly population with cirrhosis could be amnestic (memory-related) or non-amnestic (memory-unrelated). The underlying neuro-biological and gut-brain changes are unclear in this population. We aimed to define gut-brain axis alterations in elderly cirrhotics compared to non-cirrhotic individuals based on presence of cirrhosis and on neuropsychological performance.

The Impact of Integrated Psychological Services in a Safety Net Primary Care Clinic on Medical Utilization.

Objective: The integration of psychological and behavioral health services into safety net primary care clinics has been viewed as a step toward reducing disparities in mental health treatment and addressing behavioral factors in chronic diseases. Though it is posited that integrated behavioral health (IBH) reduces preventable medical costs, this premise has yet to be tested in a safety net primary care clinic.

Method: Retrospective pre- and posttreatment analysis with quasi-experimental control group was constructed using propensity score matching.

Illness anxiety and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: Cognitive-behavioral conceptualization and treatment.

Eating difficulties are commonly present in medical and psychiatric settings. Some eating problems are resultant from fears about food consumption and can be conceptualized as anxiety disorders conditioned by perception of feared outcomes associated with eating and maintained by avoidance. The authors present a case in which a female patient with limited food intake is successfully treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Recent advances in the genetics of emotion regulation: a review.

Recent attention has been given to the role of emotion regulation in the development and maintenance of psychopathology, and the psychosocial literature on emotion regulation has been growing rapidly over the past decade. However, knowledge about the genetic etiology of emotion regulation facets has been slower to develop. The present paper aims to briefly introduce the various constructs that fall under the umbrella of emotion regulation; provide an overview of behavioral genetic methods; summarize the empirical studies of emotion regulation twin studies; introduce molecular genetic methods; review the recent molecular genetic studies on emotion regulation; and provide future directions for research.

Community mental health teams for older people: variations in case mix and service receipt (I).

Objectives: The study sought to identify the characteristics of community-dwelling older people supported by community mental health teams (CMHTs) in England and, in particular, to determine whether there is a common threshold for CMHT entry and/or a core client group.

Methods: Data were collected about a random sample of 15 CMHTs' caseloads, including information about their sociodemographic characteristics, physical health, dependence, mental health, risks and service receipt. The sample was divided into 16 subgroups of people with similar needs for care (case types), and differences between teams were explored.

Community mental health teams for older people: variations in case mix and service receipt (II).

Objectives: To determine the extent to which services provided to older people via community mental health teams (CMHTs) vary in duration, composition and intensity. In particular, to identify the degree to which differences between teams are due to casemix.

Methods: Data were collected about the services provided to a random sample of patients from 15 CMHT caseloads, including contact with CMHT staff, other specialist mental health and social care services.

Readiness for behaviour change in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: implications for multidisciplinary care models.

Background & Aims: Weight management is a cornerstone of treatment for overweight/obese persons with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This exploratory study sought to: (i) evaluate readiness to change weight-related behaviours; (ii) assess psychosocial characteristics that may interfere with weight loss; and (iii) evaluate how baseline psychosocial features associate with 6-month change in weight in persons with NAFLD receiving standard medical care. The purpose of this investigation was to develop hypotheses regarding relationships between psychosocial factors and weight for use in future fully powered studies and clinical interventions

Methods: Fifty-eight overweight/obese participants with NAFLD completed baseline measures of personality, psychiatric symptoms and readiness for behaviour change and were followed up for 6 months in standard care.

Illness apprehension, depression, anxiety, and quality of life in liver transplant candidates: implications for psychosocial interventions.

Background: End-stage liver disease is associated with diminished quality of life (QOL). Numerous physical and psychosocial problems that affect QOL are common in those undergoing evaluation for liver transplantation.

Objective: Identifying which of these challenges are most closely associated with QOL would be helpful in developing priority targets for evidence-based interventions specific to those undergoing transplant evaluation.

Psychological and psychiatric aspects of treatment of obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Chronic illnesses incur a tremendous cost to American lives in dollars and quality of life. Outcomes in these illnesses are often affected by psychological, behavioral, and pharmacologic issues related to mental illness and psychological symptoms. This article focuses on psychological and psychiatric issues related to the treatment of obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including available weight-loss interventions, the complex relationship between psychiatric disorders and obesity, and special considerations regarding use of psychiatric drugs in patients with or at risk for NAFLD and obesity.

Efficacy of the ketogenic diet: which epilepsies respond?

We report the efficacy of the ketogenic diet in refractory epilepsies focusing on outcomes with regard to epilepsy syndromes and etiology in children and adults with refractory epilepsy. Sixty-four consecutive children and four adults were prospectively enrolled from 2002 to 2009; seven were excluded from analysis. The classical ketogenic diet was initiated on an inpatient basis with dietary ratios ranging from 2:1 to 4:1 fat to carbohydrate and protein.

Implementation of case management in long-term conditions in England: survey and case studies.

Objectives: Our aim was to describe the current provision of case management arrangements in primary care for people with long-term conditions in England and identify the extent and nature of self-care support services within it.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey of primary care trusts (PCTs) in England and four case studies using semi-structured interviews and focus groups.

Results: Services were predominantly nurse-led, typically by community matrons, and delivered on a geographical basis.

Emergent approaches to care coordination in England: exploring the evidence from two national organizations.

For many years, there has been an international concern about the fragmented nature of health and social care services for vulnerable older people and younger adults. This article examines the implementation of two major policies in England designed to ensure frail adults and older people receive services appropriate to their needs. First, care management, which was introduced in 1993 and provided by local government, and second case management, which was introduced in 2005 and provided by primary care through the National Health Service.

Clinically failed eggs as a source of normal human embryo stem cells.

The promise of human embryo stem cells (hESCs) for regenerative medicine is offset by the ethical and practical challenges involved in sourcing eggs and embryos for this objective. In this study we sought to isolate an hESC line from clinically failed eggs, the usage of which would not conflict with donor interests to conceive. A total of 8 blastocysts were allocated for hESC derivation from a pool of 579 eggs whose fertilization had been clinically assessed to have occurred abnormally (i.

Obesity in America: implications for clinical and health psychologists.

The number of individuals classified as overweight and obese is increasing at alarming rates and these conditions are associated with numerous psychological and physiological health problems. Within this epidemic, there is an increasing need and demand for psychologists and other mental health professionals to participate in the care of patients with obesity, both in assessment and treatment domains. The current paper provides a review of the status of the obesity epidemic, including psychological comorbidities and treatment approaches.

Managing respiratory care: where is the science?

Managing a respiratory care department is challenging. Health care is one of the few businesses in which the fees for services are dictated by the payers. Recent changes in focus and expectations in the overall health care industry have strongly affected the job of the respiratory care manager.

Complete molecular responses are achieved after reduced intensity stem cell transplantation and donor lymphocyte infusion in chronic myeloid leukemia.

Patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia were treated with imatinib mesylate (IM) for 6 to 12 months to establish disease control, before reduced intensity stem cell transplantation (RISCT). Escalating doses of donor lymphocyte infusions were given from 6 months after transplantation to eradicate residual disease. A total of 18 patients entered the study and 15 received RISCT (median follow-up, 31 months).

Care management in mental health services in England and Northern Ireland: do integrated organizations promote integrated practice?

Objective: To explore whether integrated structures are associated with more integrated and differentiated forms of care management in mental health services.

Method: Cross-sectional postal survey of care management arrangements in local authority social services departments in England (n=101) and health and social services Trusts in Northern Ireland (NI) (n=11).

Results: Some, but not all, indicators showed more evidence of integrated practice in NI mental health and social services.

Mechanism of electrochemical reduction of hydrogen peroxide on copper in acidic sulfate solutions.

Hydrogen peroxide is a commonly used oxidizer component in chemical mechanical planarization slurries, used in the processing of Cu metallization in microelectronics applications. We studied the electrochemical reduction of hydrogen peroxide on Cu in 0.1 M H2SO4 solutions using methods including cyclic voltammetry, rotating disk electrode experiments, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.