Social representations of oncologic surgery for patients with cancer.

Objectives: to analyze the social representations of patients with cancer regarding oncologic surgery.

Methods: a qualitative study based on Social Representation Theory was conducted with 126 participants between October 2021 and May 2022 in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. A characterization questionnaire, free evocations of the inducing term "surgery", and semi-structured interviews with 60 participants were applied.

Trp53 Deletion Promotes Exacerbated Colitis, Facilitates Lgr5+ Cancer Stem Cell Expansion, and Fuels Tumorigenesis in AOM/DSS-Induced Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer CRC remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with chronic intestinal inflammation identified as a major risk factor. Notably, the tumor suppressor undergoes mutation at higher rates and earlier stages during human inflammation-driven colon tumorigenesis than in sporadic cases. We investigated whether deleting affects inflammation-induced tumor growth and the expression of Lgr5+ cancer stem cells in mice.

Randomized crossover clinical trial of a Mindfulness-based intervention for nurse leaders: A pilot study.

Objective: to analyze the effects of a Mindfulness-based intervention on nurse leaders' emotional intelligence and resilience.

Method: a pilot study of a randomized crossover clinical trial. The sample (n=32) was randomized into Group A (n=18) and Group B (n=14) and evaluated at the pre-test, post-test and follow-up moments.

Multiscale Optical Imaging Fusion for Cervical Precancer Diagnosis: Integrating Widefield Colposcopy and High-Resolution Endomicroscopy.

Objective: Early detection and treatment of cervical precancers can prevent disease progression. However, in low-resource communities with a high incidence of cervical cancer, high equipment costs and a shortage of specialists hinder preventative strategies. This manuscript presents a low-cost multiscale in vivo optical imaging system coupled with a computer-aided diagnostic system that could enable accurate, real-time diagnosis of high-grade cervical precancers.

Risk Profile of High-grade Cervical Lesions and Cervical Cancer Considering the Combination of Cytology, HPV Genotype, and Age among Women Undergoing Colposcopy.

Objective:  The present study aims to establish a risk profile for high-grade cervical lesions and cervical cancer (CIN2 + ) in women undergoing colposcopy at the Hospital do Câncer de Barretos, through the analysis of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, cervical cytology, and patient's age.

Methods:  Retrospective cross-sectional study based on a computerized database of women aged ≥ 18 years old who underwent colposcopy at the Prevention Department of the Hospital do Câncer de Barretos from 2017 to 2019.

Results:  A total of 3,411 women were included, 58.

Sex Disparities in Operating Room use Among Cataract Surgeons: A 10-Year Retrospective Population-Based Analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate sex differences in operating room (OR) time and case volumes among comprehensive cataract surgeons in Ontario, Canada's most populated province.

Design: Retrospective, population-based cohort study.

Methods: Physician billing data of active comprehensive cataract surgeons between 2010 and 2019 were analyzed to identify all cataract surgeries in this timeframe.

Clinical Impact of CDK4/6 Inhibitors in De Novo or PR- or Very Elderly Post-Menopausal ER+/HER2- Advanced Breast Cancers.

The CDK4/6 inhibitors significantly increase progression-free survival (PFS) in ER+/HER2- advanced breast cancer patients. In clinical trials, overall survival (OS) improvement has been demonstrated for ribociclib and abemaciclib but not for palbociclib. We undertook a real-world evaluation of PFS and OS in 227 post-menopausal patients who received first-line CDK4/6 inhibitors.

The effect of microencapsulated watermelon rind () and beetroot ( L.) ingestion on ischemia/reperfusion-induced endothelial dysfunction: a randomised clinical trial.

Endothelial dysfunction is commonly associated with a cardiovascular event, such as myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction is marked by an ischemia/reperfusion (IR) phenomenon associated with endothelial dysfunction, contributing even more to future cardiovascular events. Although the supplementation with L-citrulline and nitrate from watermelon and beetroot have been used to improve vascular function, the effect of microencapsulated watermelon rind (WR) or its co-ingestion with beetroot (WR + B) on endothelial IR injury has not been addressed.

Twelve tips for improving the quality of assessor judgements in senior medical student clinical assessments.

Assessment of senior medical students is usually calibrated at the level of achieving expected learning outcomes for graduation. Recent research reveals that clinical assessors often balance two slightly different perspectives on this benchmark. The first is the formal learning outcomes at graduation, ideally as part of a systematic, program-wide assessment approach that measures learning achievement, while the second is consideration of the candidate's contribution to safe care and readiness for practice as a junior doctor.

Supply and demographic characteristics of Ontario's ophthalmologists from 2010 to 2019: a population-based analysis.

Background: With an aging population in Ontario, ophthalmologists provide most of their care to older adults, which has prominent human resource implications. In this study, we sought to investigate the supply and demographic characteristics of Ontario's ophthalmologists.

Methods: In this retrospective, population-based analysis, we evaluated cohort demographics, including sex and career stage, of Ontario's ophthalmologists from 2010 to 2019, which we reported using descriptive statistics.

DASH diet vs. DASH diet plus physical activity in older patients with type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure: A randomized clinical trial.

Background And Aims: To evaluate the effect of lifestyle modification by adopting a DASH diet, with and without physical activity guidance, on blood pressure, glycemic control, lipid profile, weight, and body composition in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension.

Methods And Results: For this randomized clinical trial, we recruited patients aged 60 years or older with T2DM and uncontrolled hypertension. One group (DASH) received only DASH dietary guidance, while the other group (DASHPED) received dietary guidance and encouragement to walk with a pedometer.

"Could You Work in My Team?": Exploring How Professional Clinical Role Expectations Influence Decision-Making of Assessors During Exit-Level Medical School OSCEs.

Decision-making in clinical assessment, such as exit-level medical school Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs), is complex. This study utilized an empirical phenomenological qualitative approach with thematic analysis to explore OSCE assessors' perceptions of the concept of a "prototypical intern" expressed during focus group discussions. Topics discussed included the concept of a prototypical intern, qualities to be assessed, and approaches to clinical assessment decision-making.

Effects of Cognitively Based Compassion Training in the outskirts: A mixed study.

Objective: to analyze the effects of Cognitively Based Compassion Training (CBCT®) among people in situations of social vulnerability.

Method: a mixed, sequential and transformative study with the same QUAL→QUAN weight. Focus Groups were applied at the beginning (n=24) and three months (n=11) after CBCT®, to understand the participants' knowledge about emotions, (self)care and stress situations.

The mental health trajectories of male prisoners and their female (ex-)partners from pre- to post-release.

Background: There are high rates of mental disorders among prisoners. Prisoners are also likely to have difficulties with intimate relationships, perhaps related to the imprisonment, but their mental health may be relevant. There is a dearth of research on intimate relationship qualities and mental health of offenders and their partners over time.

MicroRNA Biomarkers of High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Liquid Biopsy.

New prevention strategies are needed to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The microRNA expression analysis has already been reported as molecular biomarkers in the early detection of cervical cancer (CC) through minimally invasive samples, such as liquid biopsy, obtained through collection using liquid-based cytology (LBC). In this study, we aimed to identify molecular signatures of microRNAs in cervical precursor lesions from LBC cervical and the molecular pathways potentially associated with the CC progression.

Deep-learning-based direct synthesis of low-energy virtual monoenergetic images with multi-energy CT.

We developed a deep learning method to reduce noise and beam-hardening artifact in virtual monoenergetic image (VMI) at low x-ray energy levels. An encoder-decoder type convolutional neural network was implemented with customized inception modules and in-house-designed training loss (denoted as Incept-net), to directly estimate VMI from multi-energy CT images. Images of an abdomen-sized water phantom with varying insert materials were acquired from a research photon-counting-detector CT.

Reiki therapy in the Unified Health System: meanings and experiences in integral health care.

Objectives: to understand the meanings of Reiki therapy in the Unified Health System, based on the experiences of users and therapists.

Methods: thematic oral history study, conducted with 12 users and 11 Reiki therapists, in three public health services, in the city of São Paulo, SP, in 2018. The interviews were transcribed and categorized, through thematic content analysis, with the help of the Atlas.

Assessment of compliance with malaria treatment monitoring and cure verification activities.

Objective: To assess compliance with treatment monitoring and cure verification activities by Malaria Control Program professionals.

Method: This is an evaluation research carried out through systematic observation, with the aid of a Likert-type scale form, adopting a numerical score to assess the fulfillment of activities. Data collection was carried out in the Amazonian municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul in Acre State.

Correction: Micro-anatomic alterations of the placenta in a non-human primate model of gestational protein-restriction.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Operational Recommendations for Scarce Resource Allocation in a Public Health Crisis.

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic may require rationing of various medical resources if demand exceeds supply. Theoretical frameworks for resource allocation have provided much needed ethical guidance, but hospitals still need to address objective practicalities and legal vetting to operationalize scarce resource allocation schemata. To develop operational scarce resource allocation processes for public health catastrophes, including the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, five health systems in Maryland formed a consortium-with diverse expertise and representation-representing more than half of all hospitals in the state.

Examiners' decision-making processes in observation-based clinical examinations.

Background: Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) are commonly used to assess the clinical skills of health professional students. Examiner judgement is one acknowledged source of variation in candidate marks. This paper reports an exploration of examiner decision making to better characterise the cognitive processes and workload associated with making judgements of clinical performance in exit-level OSCEs.

Micro-anatomic alterations of the placenta in a non-human primate model of gestational protein-restriction.

Objectives: Maternal protein malnutrition is associated with impaired fetal growth, and lifetime consequences for the offspring. Our group has previously developed a model of protein-restriction in the non-human primate, which was associated with fetal growth restriction, stillbirth, decreased placental perfusion, and evidence of fetal hypoxia, suggesting perturbed vascular development. Our objective was to histologically characterize the micro-anatomic alterations associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes taking an approach that permits investigation of the 3D vascular structure and surrounding histology without the requirement for 3D vascular casting or relying on 2D stereology which both have methodological limitations.

miRNA expression profiling of hereditary breast tumors from BRCA1- and BRCA2-germline mutation carriers in Brazil.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional gene expression regulation and have been described as key regulators of carcinogenesis. Aberrant miRNA expression has been frequently reported in sporadic breast cancers, but few studies have focused on profiling hereditary breast cancers. In this study, we aimed to identify specific miRNA signatures in hereditary breast tumors and to compare with sporadic breast cancer and normal breast tissues.

Difference in sarcopenia prevalence and associated factors according to 2010 and 2018 European consensus (EWGSOP) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of sarcopenia and associated factors in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) according to 2010 (EWGSOP1) and 2018 (EWGSOP2) European consensus.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: Elderly outpatients ≥60 years with type 2 DM and able to walk were recruited at the DM ambulatory care center of a public hospital in Porto Alegre from 2017 to 2018.

Endothelial Immune Activation by Medin: Potential Role in Cerebrovascular Disease and Reversal by Monosialoganglioside-Containing Nanoliposomes.

Background The function of medin, one of the most common human amyloid proteins that accumulates in the vasculature with aging, remains unknown. We aim to probe medin's role in cerebrovascular disease by comparing cerebral arterial medin content between cognitively normal and vascular dementia (VaD) patients and studying its effects on endothelial cell (EC) immune activation and neuroinflammation. We also tested whether monosialoganglioside-containing nanoliposomes could reverse medin's adverse effects.