Cure models, survival probabilities, and solid organ transplantation for patients with colorectal cancer.

A previous cancer diagnosis can preclude patients from consideration for solid organ transplantation. Statistical models may improve candidate selection. We fitted statistical cure models and estimated 5-year cancer-specific survival (5yCSS) for colorectal cancer patients in the United States using registry data.

Survival by sex and HIV status in patients with anal cancer in the USA between 2001 and 2019: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The risk of anal cancer is increased among people with HIV, particularly men who have sex with men. Estimating survival by HIV status and sex and identifying groups at high risk is crucial for documenting prognostic differences between populations. We aimed to compare all-cause and anal cancer-specific survival in patients with anal cancer with and without HIV, stratified by sex, and to identify predictors of survival, stratified by HIV status.

Sex differences in cancer incidence among solid organ transplant recipients.

Background: Males have 2-3-fold greater risk of cancer than females at most shared anatomic sites, possibly reflecting enhanced immune surveillance against cancer in females. We examined whether these sex differences remained among immunocompromised adults.

Methods: Using the Transplant Cancer Match (TCM) study, we estimated the male-to-female incidence rate ratio in TCM (M:F IRRTransplant) for 15 cancer sites diagnosed between 1995 and 2017 using Poisson regression.

Severe anal intraepithelial neoplasia trends and subsequent invasive anal cancer in the United States.

Background: Anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III is a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma of the anus for which rates are nearly 20-fold higher in people with HIV than in the general population in the United States. We describe trends in anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III diagnosis and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus following anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III by HIV status and sex.

Methods: We used data from a population-based linkage between cancer and HIV registries in 11 US states; Puerto Rico; and Washington, DC, during 1996-2019.

Association of Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption With Subsequent Mortality Among Black Breast Cancer Survivors in New Jersey.

Importance: There are limited data about how lifestyle factors are associated with breast cancer prognosis among Black or African American women because most of the evidence is based on studies of White breast cancer survivors.

Objective: To examine the association of prediagnostic cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption with all-cause mortality and breast cancer-specific mortality in a cohort of Black breast cancer survivors.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based cohort study included 1926 Black or African American breast cancer survivors who received a diagnosis from June 6, 2005, to May 21, 2019, identified in 10 counties in New Jersey through rapid case ascertainment by the New Jersey State Cancer Registry.

Impact of HIV on Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Rates in the United States, 2001-2015.

Background: Incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has increased in the United States. People living with HIV (PLWH) have an elevated risk of anal SCC, and changes in the number of anal SCCs among PLWH may have influenced general population trends.

Methods: Data were obtained from a linkage of HIV and cancer registries in 12 US regions.

Cancer risk in living kidney donors.

Living kidney donors are screened for transmissible diseases including cancer. Outcomes following donation are excellent, but concern exists regarding development of chronic kidney disease, and cancer risk is unknown. We used linked transplant and cancer registry data to identify incident cancers among 84,357 kidney donors in the United States (1995-2017).

Multilevel Factors for Adiposity Change in a Population-Based Prospective Study of Black Breast Cancer Survivors.

Purpose: Unfavorable weight change after breast cancer diagnosis increases the risk of mortality, but individual and neighborhood risk factors affecting postdiagnosis weight and body fat changes are unclear among Black women, who have higher rates of obesity and mortality than any other racial/ethnic group.

Methods: Adiposity changes during the period approximately 10 months-24 months after diagnosis were evaluated among 785 women diagnosed between 2012 and 2018 and enrolled in the Women's Circle of Health Follow-Up Study, a population-based prospective cohort of Black breast cancer survivors in New Jersey. Multilevel factors for weight and fat mass change (with gain or loss defined as a relative difference of 3% or more, and considering whether changes were intentional or unintentional) were estimated using multivariable polytomous logistic regressions and multilevel models.

Pathways between objective and perceived neighborhood factors among Black breast cancer survivors.

Background: Mounting evidence supports associations between objective neighborhood disorder, perceived neighborhood disorder, and health, yet alternative explanations involving socioeconomic and neighborhood social cohesion have been understudied. We tested pathways between objective and perceived neighborhood disorder, perceived neighborhood social cohesion, and socioeconomic factors within a longitudinal cohort.

Methods: Demographic and socioeconomic information before diagnosis was obtained at interviews conducted approximately 10 months post-diagnosis from participants in the Women's Circle of Health Follow-up Study - a cohort of breast cancer survivors self-identifying as African American or Black women (n = 310).

Oral Cyanobacteria and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: Gut microbial alterations have been linked to chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The role of the oral microbiome in liver cancer development has not been widely investigated.

Methods: Bacterial 16S rRNA sequences were evaluated in oral samples from 90 HCC cases and 90 controls who were a part of a larger U.

Predicted Cure and Survival Among Transplant Recipients With a Previous Cancer Diagnosis.

Purpose: A previous cancer diagnosis is a negative consideration in evaluating patients for possible solid organ transplantation. Statistical models may improve selection of patients with cancer evaluated for transplantation.

Methods: We fitted statistical cure models for patients with cancer in the US general population using data from 13 cancer registries.

Life-years lost due to cancer among solid organ transplant recipients in the United States, 1987 to 2014.

Background: Solid organ transplant recipients have an elevated risk of cancer. Quantifying the life-years lost (LYL) due to cancer provides a complementary view of the burden of cancer distinct from other metrics and may identify subgroups of transplant recipients who are most affected.

Methods: Linked transplant and cancer registry data were used to identify incident cancers and deaths among solid organ transplant recipients in the United States (1987-2014).

Association of Body Mass Index, Central Obesity, and Body Composition With Mortality Among Black Breast Cancer Survivors.

Importance: Obesity disproportionately affects Black women, who also have a higher risk of death after a breast cancer diagnosis compared with women of other racial/ethnic groups. However, few studies have evaluated the association of measures of adiposity with mortality among Black breast cancer survivors.

Objective: To assess the association of measures of adiposity with survival after a breast cancer diagnosis among Black women.

Cervical cancer incidence stratified by age in women with HIV compared with the general population in the United States, 2002-2016.

Objective: Recommendations for the age of initiating screening for cervical cancer in women with HIV (WWH) in the United States have not changed since 1995 when all women (regardless of immune status) were screened for cervical cancer from the age of onset of sexual activity, which often occurs in adolescence. By 2009, recognizing the lack of benefit as well as harms in screening young women, guidelines were revised to initiate cervical cancer screening for the general population at age 21 years. By comparing cervical cancer incidence in young WWH to that of the general population, we assessed the potential for increasing the recommended age of initiating cervical cancer screening in WWH.

Solid Organ Transplantation and Survival among Individuals with a History of Cancer.

Background: The success of immunotherapy highlights a possible role for immunity in controlling cancer during remission for patients with cancer in the general population. A prior cancer diagnosis is common among solid organ transplant candidates, and immunosuppressive medications administered to transplant recipients may increase recurrence risk.

Methods: Using linked data from the United States solid organ transplant registry and 13 cancer registries, we compared overall and cancer-specific survival among patients with cancer who did versus did not receive subsequent transplantation.

Trends in short-term survival from distant-stage cutaneous melanoma in the United States, 2001-2013 (CONCORD-3).

Background: Survival from metastatic cutaneous melanoma is substantially lower than for localized disease. Treatments for metastatic melanoma have been limited, but remarkable clinical improvements have been reported in clinical trials in the last decade. We described the characteristics of US patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma during 2001-2013 and assessed trends in short-term survival for distant-stage disease.

Visual cues of the built environment and perceived stress among a cohort of black breast cancer survivors.

We investigated relationships between independently observed, visual cues of residential environments and subsequent participant-reported stress within a population-based cohort of Black breast cancer survivors (n = 476). Greater visual cues of engagement - presence of team sports, yard decorations, outdoor seating - (compared to less engagement) was marginally associated with lower perceived stress in univariate models, but attenuated towards null with adjustment for socio-demographic, behavioral, and health-related covariates. Similarly, physical disorder and perceived stress were not associated in adjusted models.

The Impact of Liver Transplantation on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Mortality in the United States.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) carries a poor prognosis. Liver transplantation (LT) is potentially curative for localized HCC. We evaluated the impact of LT on U.

Survival after a cancer diagnosis among solid organ transplant recipients in the United States.

Background: Transplant recipients have an elevated risk of cancer because of immunosuppressive medications used to prevent organ rejection, but to the authors' knowledge no study to date has comprehensively examined associations between transplantation status and mortality after a cancer diagnosis.

Methods: The authors assessed cases in the US general population (N=7,147,476) for 16 different cancer types as ascertained from 11 cancer registries. The presence of a solid organ transplant prior to diagnosis (N=11,416 cancer cases) was identified through linkage with the national transplantation registry (1987-2014).

Risk of Kaposi sarcoma after solid organ transplantation in the United States.

Due to treatment with immunosuppressive medications, solid organ transplant recipients have elevated risk for Kaposi sarcoma (KS), which is caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8). Other risk factors for KS are poorly understood. We linked the United States solid organ transplant registry with 17 population-based cancer registries to ascertain KS incidence among 244,964 transplant recipients from 1987-2014.

Trends in colorectal cancer incidence among younger adults-Disparities by age, sex, race, ethnicity, and subsite.

Millennials (ages 18-35) are now the largest living generation in the US, making it important to understand and characterize the rising trend of colorectal cancer incidence in this population, as well as other younger generations of Americans. Data from the New Jersey State Cancer Registry (n = 181 909) and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (n = 448 714) were used to analyze invasive CRC incidence trends from 1979 to 2014. Age, sex, race, ethnicity, subsite, and stage differences between younger adults (20-49) and screening age adults (≥50) in New Jersey (NJ) were examined using chi-square; and, we compared secular trends in NJ to the United States (US).

Contribution of solid organ transplant recipients to the pediatric non-hodgkin lymphoma burden in the United States.

Background: Pediatric solid organ transplant recipients have a 100 to 200 times higher risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) than the general pediatric population. Consequently, transplant-related NHL may contribute considerably to the pediatric NHL burden in the United States.

Methods: A cohort study using a linkage between the US transplant registry and 16 cancer registries was conducted.

Cancer Risk After Pediatric Solid Organ Transplantation.

Background: The effects of pediatric solid organ transplantation on cancer risk may differ from those observed in adult recipients. We described cancers in pediatric recipients and compared incidence to the general population.

Methods: The US transplant registry was linked to 16 cancer registries to identify cancer diagnoses among recipients <18 years old at transplant.