Publications by authors named "Karen Rosendahl"

Article Synopsis
  • - The study investigates the risk of subdural hemorrhages (SDHs) in extremely premature infants, focusing on their prevalence, identification agreement in MRI evaluations, and measuring subarachnoid spaces.
  • - A total of 121 infants underwent MRI, revealing no significant SDHs, but 49.5% had some form of intracranial hemorrhage related to prematurity, with reliable identification rates for hemorrhage across observers.
  • - The findings suggest that premature infants are not more susceptible to SDHs not caused by abuse in the first few months, though many exhibited enlarged subarachnoid spaces.
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Article Synopsis
  • Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) affects about 2-3% of newborns and is linked to increased risks of osteoarthritis in young adults, leading to many hip replacements before age 40.
  • The study reviewed 73 papers, including 31 focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DDH, but found many studies lacked sufficient power to identify significant genetic associations.
  • While DDH is known to be hereditary, the research is limited and no definitive genetic risk factors have been identified, indicating a need for further investigations.
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The goal of this paper is to provide a useful desktop reference for the imaging of suspected child abuse with clear, age-specific pathways for appropriate evidence-based imaging and follow-up. We aim to provide a road map for the imaging evaluation and follow-up of this important and vulnerable cohort of patients presenting with signs and symptoms concerning for inflicted injury. As the imaging recommendations differ for children of different ages, we provide a flowchart of the appropriate imaging pathway for infants, toddlers, and older children, which allows ease of selection of which children should undergo skeletal survey, non-contrast computed tomography (CT) brain with 3-dimensional (D) reformats, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and whole spine.

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Background: Osteoporosis is increasingly being recognized in children, mostly secondary to systemic underlying conditions or medication. However, no imaging modality currently provides a full evaluation of bone health in children. We compared DXA, a radiographic bone health index (BHI (BoneXpert) and cone-beam CT for the assessment of low bone mass in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

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Article Synopsis
  • Researchers wanted to understand how often young kids under two get fractures and if they’re from accidents or abuse.
  • They looked at various studies from 1946 to 2024 and found that about 5 to 9 kids out of every 1,000 get fractures each year.
  • The most common fractures happened in the arm and leg bones, while infants had fewer fractures, mostly in the collarbone.
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Objectives: To examine radiologic outcomes at skeletal maturity of sonographically normal, immature, mildly, and severely dysplastic newborn hips.

Methods: During 1988 to 1990, 11 925 newborns were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial examining screening strategies for developmental hip dysplasia. In total, 4469 were invited to clinical and radiologic follow-up 18 years later, of which 1735 had received neonatal ultrasound.

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Article Synopsis
  • Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) affects 2-3% of infants and is linked to increased risk of osteoarthritis and hip surgeries in younger adults, prompting this study to explore its genetic factors for better diagnosis and management.
  • The research utilized data from the Trøndelag Health Study, analyzing over 69,000 individuals and over 8.5 million SNPs to identify genetic associations, specifically focusing on the SNPs rs713162 and rs6577334 near the COL11A1 gene, which has ties to hip disorders.
  • Findings suggest a significant link between COL11A1 and DDH, supporting previous research on genetic influences and highlighting the need for further investigations into the condition's causes.
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Article Synopsis
  • - The study aimed to compare two MRI sequences—T2 Dixon fat-only and T1-weighted—in assessing high signal areas in bone marrow of healthy children and adolescents, focusing on optimizing scan time.
  • - Data from 196 participants aged 6 to 19 years were analyzed, and a scoring system classified findings as "minor" or "major," with high agreement (94.6%) between sequences for the majority of assessed areas.
  • - The findings suggest that T2 Dixon fat-only can effectively replace T1-weighted sequences for kids over nine, leading to reduced MRI scan durations.
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Background: The Bergen Growth Study 2 (BGS2) aims to characterise somatic and endocrine changes in healthy Norwegian children using a novel methodology.

Subjects And Methods: A cross-sectional sample of 1285 children aged 6-16 years was examined in 2016 using novel objective ultrasound assessments of breast developmental stages and testicular volume in addition to the traditional Tanner pubertal stages. Blood samples allowed for measurements of pubertal hormones, endocrine disruptive chemicals, and genetic analyses.

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Different screening strategies for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) exist. Despite screening efforts, cases of late presentation continue to occur, often necessitating surgery. This systematic review and meta-analysis assess the effect of newborn selective ultrasound screening for DDH on the incidence of late presentation in infants and children, compared to a universal ultrasound strategy.

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Background: Hip dysplasia occurs in up to 3 % of neonates and if untreated can lead to dislocated hip, osteoarthritis and the need for a hip prosthesis. The study aimed to identify routines for ultrasound screening, treatment and follow-up of hip dysplasia in Norwegian hospitals.

Material And Method: An online questionnaire was sent to radiologists responsible for paediatric examinations at all hospitals with paediatric departments.

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Abstrac: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Acetabular dysplasia in young adults occurs, despite screening for developmental hip dysplasia (DDH) in the neonatal period. We aimed to examine how early life factors predict radiographic measurements of acetabular dysplasia at 18-19 years of age.

Methods: From a previous randomized trial (n = 12,014; 1988-90) evaluating the role of hip ultrasound in newborn screening of DDH, 4469 participants (2193 males) were invited to a follow-up 18 years later (2007-09), of which 2370 (53% attendance; 932 males) met.

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Background: The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is frequently involved in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Diagnostic imaging is necessary to correctly diagnose and evaluate TMJ involvement, however, hitherto little has been published on the accuracy of the applied scoring systems and measurements. The present study aims to investigate the precision of 20 imaging features and five measurements based on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

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Background: Hip involvement predicts severe disease in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and is accurately assessed by MRI. However, a child-specific hip MRI scoring system has not been validated.

Objective: To test the intra- and interobserver agreement of several MRI markers for active and chronic hip changes in children and young adults with JIA and to examine the precision of measurements commonly used for the assessment of growth abnormalities.

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Background: Few studies have investigated oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in young individuals with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Aims were to investigate whether OHRQoL differs between children and adolescents with JIA compared to controls without JIA, while adjusting for socio-demographic-, behavioral- and oral health-related covariates. Furthermore, to explore whether socio-behavioral and oral health-related covariates of OHRQoL vary according to group affiliation and finally, specifically for individuals with JIA, to investigate whether disease-specific features associate with OHRQoL.

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Pediatric neuroradiology is a subspecialty within radiology, with possible pathways to train within the discipline from neuroradiology or pediatric radiology. Formalized pediatric neuroradiology training programs are not available in most European countries. We aimed to construct a European consensus document providing recommendations for the safe practice of pediatric neuroradiology.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates high signal areas on T2 weighted MRI images of the bone marrow in the axial skeleton of healthy children and adolescents aged 5-19 years.
  • A total of 196 participants were examined, leading to the identification of 415 areas of increased signal, with 75 categorized as major findings, particularly in the pelvis.
  • The findings highlighted the prevalence of non-specific bone marrow hyperintensities, emphasizing the need for awareness to differentiate these from actual skeletal diseases in children.
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Objective: To explore whether plaque and gingival bleeding are more frequently experienced by adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) compared to matched controls without JIA; explore whether surface- and site-specific periodontal outcomes vary between the two groups; and for participants with JIA, investigate associations between disease-specific features and periodontal outcomes.

Material And Methods: In this comparative cross-sectional study, selected surfaces, and sites of index teeth in 10-16-year-olds with JIA and matched controls were examined by modified versions of Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI). Mixed-effects logistic regressions, reporting odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), were applied.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to analyze bone marrow appearances in the appendicular skeleton of healthy children and adolescents using whole-body MRI with fat suppression.
  • It involved 196 participants aged 5-19 years, where bone marrow signals were graded for intensity and extension using a newly created scoring system.
  • Results showed that over half of the individuals displayed significant focal areas of high signal intensity, primarily in the hands, humerus, feet, and knees, highlighting the need for careful interpretation of MRI findings in this population.
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Objectives: To examine the precision of imaging measures commonly used to assess mandibular morphology in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Secondly, to compare cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the measurement of condylar height.

Methods: Those included were children diagnosed with JIA during 2015-18 who had had an MRI, a CBCT of the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) and a lateral cephalogram (ceph) of the head within one month of each other.

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Article Synopsis
  • Whole-body MRI is gaining popularity in children, but there hasn't been a study on its reliability until now.
  • This study aimed to evaluate how consistently radiologists can score high signal areas in bone marrow using a specific scoring system on MRI images.
  • The findings showed that assessing signal intensity and extension of these areas had good reliability between different observers, while the evaluation of shape and contour was less consistent.
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Article Synopsis
  • Manual evaluation of bone marrow signals is time-consuming and requires strict standardization for accuracy.
  • The study aimed to explore the use of deep learning to automate the segmentation of bone marrow signals in young individuals using knee MRI images from a multi-centered study.
  • Results indicated that the deep-learning model performed well for lower intensity signals but struggled with higher intensity signals, suggesting the need for more extensive training datasets and cross-institutional validation to enhance accuracy.
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Rationale And Objectives: The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is commonly involved in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The diagnosis and evaluation of the disease progression is dependent on medical imaging. The precision of this imaging is under debate.

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