The Potential Clinical Utility of an Artificial Intelligence Model for Identification of Vertebral Compression Fractures in Chest Radiographs.

Purpose: To assess the ability of the Annalise Enterprise CXR Triage Trauma (Annalise AI Pty Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia) artificial intelligence model to identify vertebral compression fractures on chest radiographs and its potential to address undiagnosed osteoporosis and its treatment.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study used a consecutive cohort of 596 chest radiographs from four US hospitals between 2015 and 2021. Each radiograph included both frontal (anteroposterior or posteroanterior) and lateral projections.

Imaging of Small Airways Disease.

Bronchiolitis refers to a small airways disease and may be classified by etiology and histologic features. In cellular bronchiolitis inflammatory cells involve the small airway wall and peribronchiolar alveoli and manifest on CT as centrilobular nodules of solid or ground glass attenuation. Constrictive bronchiolitis refers to luminal narrowing by concentric fibrosis.

Comprehensive spatial distribution of patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and its relation to socio-economic factors.

Background: The functional-cognitive impact of first-episode psychosis (FEP) is extremely relevant and implies dysfunction from early life stages like adolescence and youth. Like other illnesses, FEP incidence is also influenced by environmental factors. It is necessary to attend to this age group with early interventions and to act on the environmental factors that the literature correlates with increased FEP incidence: socio-economic aspects, social adversity, bullying at school or cannabis use.

Amino acid degradation pathway inhibitory by-products trigger apoptosis in CHO cells.

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are widely used to produce complex biopharmaceuticals. Improving their productivity is necessary to fulfill the growing demand for such products. One way to enhance productivity is by cultivating cells at high densities, but inhibitory by-products, such as metabolite derivatives from amino acid degradation, can hinder achieving high cell densities.

Creating Space for Adolescents and Families With Lived Experience of Homelessness to Build Familial Empathy, Communication, and Emotional Regulation: A Qualitative Study of Facilitators of Implementation.

Youth experiencing homelessness are vulnerable to commercial sexual exploitation (CSE). Structural racism disproportionately entraps marginalized youth into CSE while simultaneously obscuring their identification as victims. Adaptation and tailoring of effective interventions to mitigate associated sequelae and inequities is warranted.

A short form of the Crisis in Family Systems (CRISYS) in a racially diverse sample of pregnant women.

Unlabelled: Assessing stressful life events in large-scale epidemiologic studies is challenged by the need to measure potential stressful events in a reasonably comprehensible manner balanced with burden on participants and research staff. The aim of this paper was to create a short form of the Crisis in Family Systems-Revised (CRISYS-R) plus 17 acculturation items, a measure that captures contemporary life stressors across 11 domains. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to segment the sample of 884 women from the PRogramming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms (PRISM) study experiencing different patterns of exposure to stressful events and identify items from each domain that best discriminate between individuals with different patterns of stressful-event exposures (high vs.

High-Resolution Computed Tomography of Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease.

While radiography is the first-line imaging technique for evaluation of pulmonary disease, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) provides detailed assessment of the lung parenchyma and interstitium, allowing normal anatomy to be differentiated from superimposed abnormal findings. The fibrotic interstitial lung diseases have HRCT features that include reticulation, traction bronchiectasis and bronchiolectasis, honeycombing, architectural distortion, and volume loss. The characterization and distribution of these features result in distinctive CT patterns.

Interstitial lung disease in ANCA-associated vasculitis: associated factors, radiographic features and mortality.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, clinical and radiographic features, and long-term outcomes of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in a United States-based ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) cohort.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we identified cases of ILD within the 2002-2019 Mass General Brigham AAV Cohort, a consecutive inception cohort of PR3- or MPO-ANCA+ AAV patients. ILD diagnosis and classification as fibrotic or non-fibrotic were confirmed by review of available chest imaging by two board-certified radiologists.

Image-Guided Percutaneous Lung Needle Biopsy: How we do it.

Image-guided lung needle biopsy allows for minimally invasive diagnosis of lung pathology. In the setting of suspected malignancy, the biopsy not only confirms the diagnosis but also allows for molecular profiling, a requisite for tailored systemic therapy. Needle biopsy can also characterize non-neoplastic entities such as infections not responding to treatment and other inflammatory processes.

Same-day discharge following the Nuss repair: A comparison.

Purpose: Intercostal Nerve Cryoablation (INC) has significantly improved pain control following the Nuss repair of pectus excavatum (PE). This study sought to evaluate patients undergoing the Nuss repair with INC compared to the Nuss repair with an ERAS protocol, INC, and intercostal nerve blocks (INB).

Methods: In June 2020, a new protocol was implemented involving surgery, anesthesia, nursing, physical therapy, and child life with the goal of safe same day discharge for patients undergoing the Nuss repair.

Same day discharge for pectus excavatum-is it possible?

Purpose: The use of intercostal nerve cryoablation (INC) has been an effective modality for treating pain in patients undergoing pectus excavatum (PE) repair. This study sought to evaluate if PE patients undergoing Nuss procedures with INC and intercostal nerve block (INB) could safely be discharged the same day of surgery.

Methods: A prospective study with IRB approval of 15 consecutive patients undergoing PE Nuss repair with INC, INB, and an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol was conducted.

Application of the Electronic Nose in Predicting Preeclampsia in High-risk Pregnancies. Pilot Study.

Background: Preeclampsia is a syndrome that affects 2-8 % of pregnancies worldwide and is the leading cause of maternal death. Therefore, early detection is crucial to identify women who require clinical monitoring during pregnancy and to evaluate new preventive therapies before clinical symptoms occur.

Methods: The chemical fingerprints of the urine from three study groups pregnant with Preeclampsia, Healthy Pregnant (HP) and pregnant at High Risk of Preeclampsia (HRP) were evaluated using an electronic nose and the data obtained were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), Canonical Analysis of Principal Coordinates (CAP), Partial Least Squares - Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and ROC curves to determine the diagnostic power of the test.

Radioaerosol Imaging Predicts the Utility of Aerosolized Antifungal Therapy in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis.

A 10-year-old girl with a history of complicated cystic fibrosis was hospitalized for pulmonary exacerbation with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and severe right upper lobe bronchiectasis diagnosed with chest radiograph and CT. She was started on itraconazole during the hospitalization in attempt to decrease her systemic steroid dose, but she had ongoing coughing and wheezing. The possibility was raised that the right upper lobe bronchiectasis may be a nidus for ongoing aspergillosis.

Integrating enzyme immobilization and protein engineering: An alternative path for the development of novel and improved industrial biocatalysts.

Enzyme immobilization often achieves reusable biocatalysts with improved operational stability and solvent resistance. However, these modifications are generally associated with a decrease in activity or detrimental modifications in catalytic properties. On the other hand, protein engineering aims to generate enzymes with increased performance at specific conditions by means of genetic manipulation, directed evolution and rational design.

Comparison of Psychological and Physiological Responses to Imposed vs. Self-selected High-Intensity Interval Training.

Kellogg, E, Cantacessi, C, McNamer, O, Holmes, H, von Bargen, R, Ramirez, R, Gallagher, D, Vargas, S, Santia, B, Rodriguez, K, and Astorino, TA. Comparison of psychological and physiological responses to imposed vs. self-selected high-intensity interval training.

Coronary Plaque Burden at Coronary CT Angiography in Asymptomatic Men and Women.

Purpose To assess the relationship between total, calcified, and noncalcified coronary plaque burdens throughout the entire coronary vasculature at coronary computed tomographic (CT) angiography in relationship to cardiovascular risk factors in asymptomatic individuals with low-to-moderate risk. Materials and Methods This HIPAA-compliant study had institutional review board approval, and written informed consent was obtained. Two hundred two subjects were recruited to an ongoing prospective study designed to evaluate the effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on atherosclerosis.

MR Imaging of the Thoracic Aorta.

Pre- and postoperative evaluation, serial follow-up studies, and screening examinations of the aorta are performed with noninvasive cross-sectional imaging modalities like CT and MR imaging. MR imaging allows for dedicated comprehensive evaluation without exposure to iodinated contrast or ionizing radiation. The additional advantage of MR imaging is that it can provide not only morphologic but also functional information.

[Estimation of glomerular filtration rate in adults with common variable immunodeficiency treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. What formula should we use?].

Background: The common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized by absence of isohemagglutinins and two standard deviations of normal levels of immunoglobulins. His treatment includes administering immunoglobulin, more frequently intravenous (IVIG). A side effect is the possible severe renal insufficiency secondary to the use of preparations containing sucrose.

Coronary artery plaque volume and obesity in patients with diabetes: the factor-64 study.

Purpose: To determine the relationship between coronary plaque detected with coronary computed tomographic (CT) angiography and clinical parameters and cardiovascular risk factors in asymptomatic patients with diabetes.

Materials And Methods: All patients signed institutional review board-approved informed consent forms before enrollment. Two hundred twenty-four asymptomatic diabetic patients (121 men; mean patient age, 61.

Role of PTEN in basal cell derived lung carcinogenesis.

Lung adenocarcinoma (AdC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most common non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subtypes, however, most genetic mouse models of lung cancer produce predominantly, if not exclusively, AdC. Whether this is secondary to targeting mutations to the distal airway cells or to the use of activating Kras mutations that drive AdC formation is unknown. We previously showed that targeting Kras(G12D) activation and transforming growth factor β receptor type II (TGFβRII) deletion to airway basal cells via a keratin promoter induced formation of both lung AdC and SCC.

Ingestion of magnetic toys: report of serious complications requiring surgical intervention and a proposed management algorithm.

Context: Increasing popularity of strong magnets as toys has led to their ingestion by children, putting them at risk of potentially harmful gastrointestinal tract injuries.

Objectives: To heighten physician awareness of the potential complications of magnetic foreign body ingestion, and to provide an updated algorithm for management of a patient who is suspected to have ingested magnets.

Design: A retrospective review of magnet ingestions treated over a two-year period at our institutions in the Southern California Permanente Medical Group.

Low-carbohydrate diet for the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Medical nutrition therapy based on the control of the amount and distribution of carbohydrates (CHO) is the initial treatment for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but there is a need for randomized controlled trials comparing different dietary strategies. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a low-CHO diet for the treatment of GDM would lead to a lower rate of insulin treatment with similar pregnancy outcomes compared with a control diet.

Research Design And Methods: A total of 152 women with GDM were included in this open, randomized controlled trial and assigned to follow either a diet with low-CHO content (40% of the total diet energy content as CHO) or a control diet (55% of the total diet energy content as CHO).