Influence of Graft Type on Lower Extremity Functional Test Performance and Failure Rate After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background: Both autografts and allografts are used to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) after injury; however, it is unclear whether graft source affects lower extremity functional test performance or failure rate in an active military population.

Objective: To compare lower extremity functional test performance and graft failure rates between ACL grafts [allograft, hamstring, bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB)].

Study Design: Cross-sectional.

Association Between Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) Items and the Incidence Rate of Lower Extremity Stress Fracture.

Background: Lower extremity stress fracture injuries are a major cause of morbidity in physically active populations. The ability to screen for modifiable risk factors associated with injury is critical in developing injury-prevention programs.

Purpose: To determine if baseline Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) scores are associated with the incidence rate of lower extremity stress fracture.

Factors and expectations influencing concussion disclosure within NCAA Division I athletes: A mixed methodological approach.

Background: Participation in sports is associated with many benefits to all aspects of health; however, it also comes with the risk of injury, particularly concussions. Self-disclosure and care seeking following a concussion are especially important because of the lack of outwardly visible signs and/or symptoms. Although recent research has explored factors affecting concussion disclosure, use of isolated methodologies limits the ability to contextualize how disclosure or nondisclosure occurs.

Automated Landing Error Scoring System Performance and the Risk of Bone Stress Injury in Military Trainees.

Context: Lower extremity bone stress injuries (BSIs) place a significant burden on the health and readiness of the US Armed Forces.

Objective: To determine if preinjury baseline performance on an expanded and automated 22-item version of the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS-22) was associated with the incidence of BSIs in a military training population.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Reference Values for the Headache Impact Test-6 Questionnaire.

Objective: To determine reference values for the Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) in a young, physically active cohort and to examine the influence of sex, concussion history, headache history, and competitive sport level on HIT-6 scores.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: United States Service Academy.

Low-level embryonic crude oil exposure disrupts ventricular ballooning and subsequent trabeculation in Pacific herring.

There is a growing awareness that transient, sublethal embryonic exposure to crude oils cause subtle but important forms of delayed toxicity in fish. While the precise mechanisms for this loss of individual fitness are not well understood, they involve the disruption of early cardiogenesis and a subsequent pathological remodeling of the heart much later in juveniles. This developmental cardiotoxicity is attributable, in turn, to the inhibitory actions of crude oil-derived mixtures of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) on specific ion channels and other proteins that collectively drive the rhythmic contractions of heart muscle cells via excitation-contraction coupling.

Differences in Lower Extremity Movement Quality by Level of Sport Specialization in Cadets Entering a United States Service Academy.

Background: Sport specialization in youth athletes is associated with increased risk for musculoskeletal injury; however, little is known about whether sport specialization is associated with lower extremity movement quality. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in lower extremity movement quality by level of sport specialization in US Service Academy cadets.

Hypothesis: Cadets who report an increased level of sport specialization would have a lower level of movement quality than those who are less specialized.

Trunk and Lower Extremity Movement Patterns, Stress Fracture Risk Factors, and Biomarkers of Bone Turnover in Military Trainees.

Context: Military service members commonly sustain lower extremity stress fractures (SFx). How SFx risk factors influence bone metabolism is unknown. Understanding how SFx risk factors influence bone metabolism may help to optimize risk-mitigation strategies.

Factors Associated With Delayed Concussion Reporting by United States Service Academy Cadets.

Context: Approximately half of individuals who sustain a concussion do not immediately report their injuries. Motivators for not reporting include thinking the suspected concussion was not a serious injury and wanting to continue participating in activity. Additionally, military personnel have concerns about how concussions may affect their careers.

Concussion-Recovery Trajectories Among Tactical Athletes: Results From the CARE Consortium.

Context: Assessments of the duration of concussion recovery have primarily been limited to sport-related concussions and male contact sports. Furthermore, whereas durations of symptoms and return-to-activity (RTA) protocols encompass total recovery, the trajectory of each duration has not been examined separately.

Objective: To identify individual (eg, demographics, medical history), initial concussion injury (eg, symptoms), and external (eg, site) factors associated with symptom duration and RTA-protocol duration after concussion.

Test-Retest Reliability of Concussion Baseline Assessments in United States Service Academy Cadets: A Report from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)-Department of Defense (DoD) CARE Consortium.

Objective: In response to advancing clinical practice guidelines regarding concussion management, service members, like athletes, complete a baseline assessment prior to participating in high-risk activities. While several studies have established test stability in athletes, no investigation to date has examined the stability of baseline assessment scores in military cadets. The objective of this study was to assess the test-retest reliability of a baseline concussion test battery in cadets at U.

The Influence of Self-Reported Tobacco Use on Baseline Concussion Assessments.

Introduction: Baseline symptom, balance, and neurocognitive scores have become an integral piece of the concussion management process. Factors such as sleep, learning disorders, fitness level, and sex have been linked to differences in performance on baseline assessments; however, it is unclear how tobacco use may affect these scores. The objective of this study was to compare baseline concussion assessment scores between service academy cadets who use and do not use tobacco.

Cardiac remodeling in response to embryonic crude oil exposure involves unconventional NKX family members and innate immunity genes.

Cardiac remodeling results from both physiological and pathological stimuli. Compared with mammalian hearts, fish hearts show a broader array of remodeling changes in response to environmental influences, providing exceptional models for dissecting the molecular and cellular bases of cardiac remodeling. We recently characterized a form of pathological remodeling in juvenile pink salmon () in response to crude oil exposure during embryonic cardiogenesis.

Increased Glenoid Retroversion Is Associated With Increased Rotator Cuff Strength in the Shoulder.

Background: The rotator cuff muscles are critical secondary stabilizers in the shoulder. Increased glenoid retroversion and rotator cuff strength have been associated with the risk of posterior shoulder instability; however, the effect of increased glenoid retroversion on rotator cuff strength remains unclear.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose was to examine the association between glenoid version and rotator cuff strength in the shoulder in a young and healthy population with no history of shoulder instability.

Level of Agreement Between Human-Rated and Instrumented Balance Error Scoring System Scores.

Clinicians have used the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) to quantify postural control for concussion management. However, the reliability of the human rated BESS has varied prompting the development of instrumented BESSs. A cross-sectional design was used to determine the level of agreement (LOA) between human rated and instrumented BESS scores.

A cohort study to identify and evaluate concussion risk factors across multiple injury settings: findings from the CARE Consortium.

Background: Concussion, or mild traumatic brain injury, is a major public health concern affecting 42 million individuals globally each year. However, little is known regarding concussion risk factors across all concussion settings as most concussion research has focused on only sport-related or military-related concussive injuries.

Methods: The current study is part of the Concussion, Assessment, Research, and Education (CARE) Consortium, a multi-site investigation on the natural history of concussion.

Determinants of intention to disclose concussion symptoms in a population of U.S. military cadets.

Objectives: Non-disclosure of concussion complicates concussion management, but almost nothing is known about non-disclosure in military settings. This study describes concussion disclosure-related knowledge, attitudes, perceived social norms, perceived control, and intention. Additionally, the study identifies determinants of high intention to disclose concussion symptoms.

Reference values for the Balance Error Scoring System as measured by the Tekscan MobileMat™ in a physically active population.

Objectives: The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) is commonly used to measure postural stability; however, it has demonstrated inconsistent reliability values when administered by humans. The Tekscan MobileMat™ was developed to automate the assessment of BESS errors and eliminate rater subjectivity. The objective of this study was to report reference values for the BESS, as measured by the MobileMat™, and examine the effect of sex, concussion history, and competitive sport level on BESS performance.

Sex and number of concussions influence the association between concussion and musculoskeletal injury history in collegiate athletes.

Objectives: Examine the association between concussion and lower extremity injury in collegiate athletes and the influence of sex and the number of concussions on this relationship.

Methods: A total of 468 collegiate student-athletes (200 Males, 268 Females) were recruited from collegiate athletic facilities of three universities to participate in this retrospective review. Participants provided injury history (concussions, ankle sprains, and knee injuries) information through a survey.

Change in KOOS and WOMAC Scores in a Young Athletic Population With and Without Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury.

Background: Several studies have examined changes in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, but no studies to date have prospectively evaluated changes from preinjury baseline through injury and follow-up among ACL-injured patients compared to the baseline and follow-up changes of uninjured patients.

Purpose: To examine changes in PROMs over time from preinjury baseline to at least 2 years after ACL reconstruction and to compare these changes with those of an uninjured control group having similar physical activity requirements.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Descriptive Analysis of a Baseline Concussion Battery Among U.S. Service Academy Members: Results from the Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (CARE) Consortium.

Introduction: The prevalence and possible long-term consequences of concussion remain an increasing concern to the U.S. military, particularly as it pertains to maintaining a medically ready force.

Effect of a Lower Extremity Preventive Training Program on Physical Performance Scores in Military Recruits.

Peck, KY, DiStefano, LJ, Marshall, SW, Padua, DA, Beutler, AI, de la Motte, SJ, Frank, BS, Martinez, JC, and Cameron, KL. Effect of a lower extremity preventive training program on physical performance scores in military recruits. J Strength Cond Res 31(11): 3146-3157, 2017-Exercise-based preventive training programs are designed to improve movement patterns associated with lower extremity injury risk; however, the impact of these programs on general physical fitness has not been evaluated.