Polymyxin B clinical outcomes: A prospective study of patients undergoing intravenous treatment.

What Is Known And Objective: Polymyxins, especially polymyxin B, has become the last line of therapy against Gram-negative pathogens' carbapenemase producers. However, given increasing use of polymyxin B in clinical settings its therapeutic value has been evaluated worldwide due to its toxic effects. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of antimicrobial therapy with polymyxin B in patients with multidrug-resistant bacteria in Brazil.

Colistin and polymyxin B for treatment of nosocomial infections in intensive care unit patients: pharmacoeconomic analysis.

Background The emergence and rapid spread of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria related to nosocomial infections is a growing worldwide problem, and polymyxins have become important due to the lack of new antibiotics. Objectives To evaluate the outcomes and pharmacoeconomic impact of using colistin and polymyxin B to treat nosocomial infections. Setting Neurosurgical, cardiovascular, or transplantation intensive care unit (ICU) at the Clinical Hospital of the University of Campinas (São Paulo, Brazil).

Brazil's resolutions to regulate the sale of antibiotics: Impact on consumption and Escherichia coli resistance rates.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of two resolutions to restrict antibiotic use (RDCs no. 44/2010 and 20/2011) in the Campinas metropolitan area (Sao Paulo, Brazil) on antibiotic consumption, resistance rates, and trends in Escherichia coli-causing community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI).

Methods: The annual retail sale information of antibiotics from drugstores in the Campinas metropolitan area between 2008 and 2012 were obtained through the Intercontinental Medical Statistics Health of Brazil.