Neurohospitalist Core Competencies.

The Neurohospitalist Core Competencies comprise a set of competency-based learning objectives that encapsulate the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of neurohospitalitists who specialize in the care of hospitalized patients with neurologic conditions. These competencies serve to characterize the rapidly expanding field of neurohospitalist medicine. The 27 chapters are divided into 3 sections entitled: neurological conditions, clinical interventions and interpretation of ancillary studies, and neurohospitalist role in the healthcare system.

Exploring Perceived Gender Disparities in Latin America's Vascular Neurology Workforce: Insights from a Survey-Based Study.

Introduction: Limited research exists on women's challenges as specialized healthcare professionals in Latin America's stroke field. This survey-based study addresses the potential gender disparities in these professionals' work environments.

Methods: This exploratory study used an online survey to investigate the work environment of women healthcare professionals in stroke across several Latin American countries.

Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in medical education: DEI at the bedside.

Background: The ability to recognize and address bias is an important communication skill not typically addressed during training. We describe the design of an educational curriculum that aims to identify and change behavior related to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). "DEI at the Bedside" uses the existing infrastructure of bedside teaching and provides a tool to normalize DEI discussions and develop skills to address bias during a neurology inpatient rotation.

AMPA Receptor Encephalitis in a Patient With Metastatic Breast Cancer Receiving Palbociclib: A Case Report.

Objective: To report a case of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor encephalitis (AMPARE) as a potential immune-mediated complication of palbociclib (a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor).

Background: Medication-induced autoimmune encephalitis is an increasingly recognized entity. To date, cases have been reported with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), typically within 3 months and while cancer is responding to immunotherapy.

Treatment challenges in idiopathic extracranial ICA vasospasm case report and review of the literature.

Idiopathic extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) vasospasm is a rare pathological phenomenon that may lead to stroke in young patients. We report a case of an 18 year-old female with recurrent extracranial ICA vasospasm since age thirteen. We summarize published data related to this condition including all twenty-three reported cases of extracranial ICA vasospasm.

Leading with inclusion during the COVID-19 pandemic: Stronger together.

Inclusion is the deliberate practice of ensuring that each individual is heard, all personal traits are respected, and all can make meaningful contributions to achieve their full potential. As coronavirus disease 2019 spreads globally and across the United States, we have viewed this pandemic through the lens of equity and inclusion. Here, we discuss how this pandemic has magnified preexisting health and social disparities and will summarize why inclusion is an essential tool to traverse this uncertain terrain and discuss strategies that can be implemented at organizational and individual levels to improve inclusion and address inequities moving forward.

Rapidly Progressive Dementia and Temporal Lobe Atrophy in a Case of Nonketotic Hyperglycemic Hemichorea.

Hemichorea has been well-reported in association with nonketotic hyperosmolar hyperglycemia (NKHH), but reports of concurrent temporal lobe involvement are rare. We present the case of a man with NKHH who developed hemichorea in the setting of rapidly progressive memory and cognitive impairments. He demonstrated the unilateral striatal T1 hyperintensities expected for NKHH-induced hemichorea but was also found to have fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity, contrast enhancement, and eventual atrophy of his ipsilateral temporal lobe.

Glioblastoma as an autoimmune limbic encephalitis mimic: A case and review of the literature.

A 43-year-old woman presented with cognitive decline, focal seizures, brain MRI showing non-enhancing, bilateral hippocampal lesions, but normal cerebrospinal fluid findings, which fulfilled the Graus et al., 2016 criteria for autoimmune limbic encephalitis (ALE). Subjective improvements were observed after immunotherapy.

Neuroterrorism Preparedness for the Neurohospitalist.

In this review article, we highlight several potential biologic and chemical agents of "neuroterrorism" of which neurohospitalists should be aware: anthrax, botulism toxin, brucella, plague, smallpox, organophosphates and nerve agents, cyanide, and carfentanil. Such agents may have direct neurologic effects, resulting in encephalopathy, paralysis, and/or respiratory failure. Neurohospitalists should be on the lookout for abnormal neurologic syndrome clustering, especially among patients presenting to the emergency department.

Cost-Effectiveness of Patent Foramen Ovale Closure Versus Medical Therapy for Secondary Stroke Prevention.

Background And Purpose: Percutaneous transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO closure) plus antiplatelet therapy has been shown to reduce the risk of recurrent stroke compared with medical therapy alone in carefully selected patients after cryptogenic stroke presumed to be from paradoxical embolism. Our objective was to determine the cost-effectiveness of PFO closure after cryptogenic stroke compared with conservative medical management from a US healthcare payer perspective.

Methods: A decision analytic Markov model estimated the 15-year cost and outcomes associated with the additional benefit of PFO closure compared with medical management alone.

Synthetic genes: a tool for identifying human papillomavirus genotypes by hybridization and polymerase chain reaction-based assays.

Obtaining positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) controls for human papillomavirus (HPV) diagnostic tests has been difficult because of prevalence variation in different geographic regions of each high-risk viral type. Overlapping oligonucleotides were designed for HPV-18, HPV-31, HPV-45, and HPV-58 type-specific (TS) sequences. Synthetic HPV viral genes were constructed by 2-step assembly PCR for accurately diagnosing TS HPV infection.

Insular involvement in brain infarction increases risk for cardiac arrhythmia and death.

Objective: Brain injuries may induce cardiac dysrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Methods: We analyzed 12-lead electrocardiograms of 493 consecutive patients with brain infarction (BI) proved by an magnetic resonance imaging and 493 control subjects matched for age, sex, and center. Insular involvement (insula (+/-)) was assessed by two independent readings of the magnetic resonance imaging scans.