How do type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-related complications and socioeconomic factors impact direct medical costs? A cross-sectional study in rural Southeast China.

Objective: To evaluate type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-related direct medical costs by complication type and complication number, and to assess the impacts of complications as well as socioeconomic factors on direct medical costs.

Design: A cross-sectional study using data from the region's diabetes management system, social security system and death registry system, 2015.

Setting: Tongxiang, China.

Direct medical cost of diabetes in rural China using electronic insurance claims data and diabetes management data.

Aims/introduction: To evaluate the annual direct medical cost attributable to type 2 diabetes mellitus according to socioeconomic factors, medical conditions and complications categories.

Materials And Methods: We created uniquely detailed data from merging datasets of the local diabetes management system and the social security system in Tongxiang, China. We calculated the type 2 diabetes mellitus-related total cost and out-of-pocket cost for inpatient admissions and outpatient visits, and compared the cost for patients with or without complications by different healthcare items.

The New Demographic Transition: Most Gains in Life Expectancy Now Realized Late in Life.

The share of increases in life expectancy realized after age 65 was only about 20 percent at the beginning of the 20 century for the US and 16 other countries at comparable stages of development; but that share was close to 80 percent by the dawn of the 21 century, and is almost certainly approaching 100 percent asymptotically. This new demographic transition portends a diminished survival effect on working life. For high-income countries at the forefront of the longevity transition, expected lifetime labor force participation as a percent of life expectancy is declining.

Educational disparities in quality of diabetes care in a universal health insurance system: evidence from the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Objective: To investigate educational disparities in the care process and health outcomes among patients with diabetes in the context of South Korea's universal health insurance system.

Design: Bivariate and multiple regression analyses of data from a cross-sectional health survey.

Setting: A nationally representative and population-based survey, the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Quality Adjustment for Health Care Spending on Chronic Disease: Evidence from Diabetes Treatment, 1999–2009.

US health care expenditures reached $2.5 trillion in 2009, representing 17.6 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) and $8,086 per person (US Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services 2011).

The net value of health care for patients with type 2 diabetes, 1997 to 2005.

Background: The net economic value of increased health care spending remains unclear, especially for chronic diseases.

Objective: To assess the net value of health care for patients with type 2 diabetes.

Design: Economic analysis of observational cohort data.