Neuronavigated high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for chronic post-stroke dysphagia: A randomized controlled study.

Objective: There are potential benefits of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in improving swallowing functions after stroke; however, few studies have been performed in the chronic stroke population. This study aims to distil the key effects of rTMS on swallowing functions and swallowing-related quality of life.

Methods: Twenty-two participants with chronic post-stroke dysphagia were randomly assigned into active or sham rTMS groups.

Whole-word phonological representations of disyllabic words in the Chinese lexicon: data from acquired dyslexia.

This study addresses the issue of the existence of whole-word phonological representations of disyllabic and multisyllabic words in the Chinese mental lexicon. A Cantonese brain-injured dyslexic individual with semantic deficits, YKM, was assessed on his abilities to read aloud and to comprehend disyllabic words containing homographic heterophonous characters, the pronunciation of which can only be disambiguated in word context. Superior performance on reading to comprehension was found.

Processing of semantic radicals in writing Chinese characters: Data from a Chinese dysgraphic patient.

This paper describes a case study of a Chinese brain-injured patient with mild dyslexia and more severe dysgraphia. The distributions of his reading and writing errors across tasks are consistent with previous reports. Semantic errors predominated in naming tasks in both modalities, while the preponderance of LARC or phonologically similar errors in reading and phonologically plausible errors in writing-to-dictation was found.

Preserved reading aloud with semantic deficits: evidence for a non-semantic lexical route for reading Chinese.

This article describes a Cantonese dyslexic patient with a dissociation between reading ability and oral naming, similar to previously reported cases of Chinese dyslexia. Additional semantic tests without pictorial input were given to localize his impairment to the semantic system. His largely preserved reading performance vis-à-vis semantic deficits, together with the absence of assembled phonology in Chinese, support a model of the Chinese lexicon in which reading can be achieved via two different lexical routes, one with semantic mediation and one without.