A Typology of US Public Health Work-Education Programs.

Objective: A pipeline is required to build a qualified and diverse public health workforce. Work-education programs offer public health students experiential learning, training, and a pathway to public health professions. However, there is a gap in the literature to guide public health practice on the types of programs, their components, and their potential impact.

Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Reservoirs: Controls and Upscaling.

Estimating carbon dioxide (CO) and methane (CH) emission rates from reservoirs is important for regional and national greenhouse gas inventories. A lack of methodologically consistent data sets for many parts of the world, including agriculturally intensive areas of the United States, poses a major challenge to the development of models for predicting emission rates. In this study, we used a systematic approach to measure CO and CH diffusive and ebullitive emission rates from 32 reservoirs distributed across an agricultural to forested land use gradient in the United States.

Effects of an Experimental Water-level Drawdown on Methane Emissions from a Eutrophic Reservoir.

Reservoirs are a globally significant source of methane (CH) to the atmosphere. However, emission rate estimates may be biased low due to inadequate monitoring during brief periods of elevated emission rates (that is, hot moments). Here we investigate CH bubbling (that is, ebullition) during periods of falling water levels in a eutrophic reservoir in the Midwestern USA.

Propidium monoazide reverse transcriptase PCR and RT-qPCR for detecting infectious enterovirus and norovirus.

Presently there is no established cell line or small animal model that allows for the detection of infectious human norovirus. Current methods based on RT-PCR and RT-qPCR detect both infectious and non-infectious virus and thus the conclusions that may be drawn regarding the public health significance of positive findings are limited. In this study, PMA RT-PCR and RT-qPCR assays were evaluated for selective detection of infectious poliovirus, murine norovirus (MNV-1), and Norwalk virus.

Development of rapid canine fecal source identification PCR-based assays.

The extent to which dogs contribute to aquatic fecal contamination is unknown despite the potential for zoonotic transfer of harmful human pathogens. We used genome fragment enrichment (GFE) to identify novel nonribosomal microbial genetic markers potentially useful for detecting dog fecal contamination with PCR-based methods in environmental samples. Of the 679 sequences obtained from GFE, we used 84 for the development of PCR assays targeting putative canine-associated genetic markers.

Assessment of the effectiveness of low-pressure UV light for inactivation of Helicobacter pylori.

Three strains of Helicobacter pylori were exposed to UV light from a low-pressure source to determine log inactivation versus applied fluence. Results indicate that H. pylori is readily inactivated at UV fluences typically used in water treatment regimens.