Relative peripheral hyperopia leads to greater short-term axial length growth in White children with myopia.

Purpose: Controversy exists regarding the influence of peripheral visual experience on the onset and progression of childhood myopia. This longitudinal, observational study evaluated the relationship between relative peripheral refraction (RPR) and changes in refractive error and axial length (AL) over 12 months in White children aged 6-7 and 12-13 years with a range of baseline refractive errors.

Methods: Cycloplegic baseline autorefraction at horizontal retinal eccentricities of 0° and ±30° were recorded with the Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001 while AL was measured using the Zeiss IOLMaster 700.

An evaluation of the IOLMaster 700 and its agreement with the IOLMaster v3 in children.

Purpose: To evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of the swept-source optical coherence tomographer Zeiss IOLMaster 700 and compare its outputs with those obtained using partial coherence interferometry (Zeiss IOLMaster v3) in a healthy, paediatric population.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional, observational study. Examiner 1 took two sets of biometric measurements (axial length [AL], mean corneal radius of curvature [K ], anterior chamber depth [ACD] and lens thickness [LT]) using the IOLMaster 700, and one set of measurements (AL, K and ACD) using the IOLMaster v3.

The Changing Profile of Astigmatism in Childhood: The NICER Study.

Purpose: We performed a prospective study of the changing profile of astigmatism in white school children in Northern Ireland.

Methods: Of the 399 6- to 7-year-old and 669 12- to 13-year-old participants in Phase 1 of the Northern Ireland Childhood Errors of Refraction (NICER) study, 302 (76%) of the younger and 436 (65%) of the older cohort were re-examined three years later (Phase 2). Stratified random cluster sampling was used.

Comparison of refractive error measures by the IRX3 aberrometer and autorefraction.

Purpose: To compare the aberrometry-derived refractive error measurements from the IRX3 aberrometer (Imagine Eyes, Orsay, France) with a standardized measure of refractive error from the Shin-Nippon SRW-5000 (Japan) autorefractor in a large sample of school-aged children.

Methods: Participants were a subgroup of children from the Northern Ireland Childhood Errors of Refraction Study phase 2 (n = 161 9 to 10 years; n = 147 15 to 16 years). Refractive error was measured under cycloplegia (1.

Higher order ocular aberrations and their relation to refractive error and ocular biometry in children.

Purpose: The interaction between higher order ocular aberrations (HOA) and refractive error is not yet fully understood. This study investigated HOA in relation to refractive error and ocular biometric parameters in a population with a high prevalence of ametropia.

Methods: The HOA were investigated in two cohorts of Caucasian children aged 9 to 10 and 15 to 16 years (n = 313).

An investigation into the validity of self-reported classification of refractive error.

Purpose: To assess the validity of questionnaire use in the self-identification of refractive status.

Methods: Two hundred and forty adults (21-60 years of age) presenting for a routine eye examination at various optometric practices in Northern Ireland were asked to complete one of two questionnaires. Both questionnaires used identical questions to ascertain age, gender, current spectacle use, age of first spectacle use and level of education.

A prospective study of spherical refractive error and ocular components among Northern Irish schoolchildren (the NICER study).

Purpose: To explore 3-year change in spherical refractive error and ocular components among white Northern Irish schoolchildren.

Methods: Baseline data were collected among 6- to 7-year-old and 12- to 13-year-old children. Three years after baseline, follow-up data were collected.

The robustness of various forms of perimetry to different levels of induced intraocular stray light.

Purpose: To compare directly the robustness of standard automated perimetry (SAP), short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP), frequency-doubling perimetry (FDP), and grating-resolution perimetry (GRP) stimuli to different degrees of intraocular stray light induced by commercially available opacity-containing filters.

Methods: Five white opacity filters of increasing density were used to simulate the typical forward light scatter and stray light values associated with age-related lens opacification and significant cataract. The individually induced intraocular stray light value for each filter was quantified with a stray light meter and plotted against individual perimetric thresholds for the right eyes of three normally sighted trained observers for SAP, SWAP, FDP, and GRP.