Pain management of first-trimester surgical abortion: effects of selection of local anesthesia with and without lorazepam or intravenous sedation.

Objective: This prospective observational study compared the effectiveness and acceptability of three commonly used regimens to reduce pain during first-trimester surgical abortion with local anesthesia.

Method: Women undergoing suction curettage at less than 14 weeks gestation received preoperative ibuprofen and an intraoperative paracervical block. Participants then selected (1) no additional medication (local arm), (2) sublingual lorazepam (0.

Diagnosis and management of chronic pelvic pain.

Chronic pelvic pain is difficult to diagnose and to treat [81] because of the multiple and often overlapping causes [82]. A systematic approach aids in the thorough evaluation and appropriate therapy. At the initial visit(s), a thorough history should be taken and complete physical examination performed.