Lung-Protective Ventilation for Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: Despite the recommendation for lung-protective mechanical ventilation (LPMV) in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS), there is a lack of robust supporting data and variable adherence in clinical practice. This study evaluates the impact of an LPMV protocol vs. standard care and adherence to LPMV elements on mortality.

Invasive fungal infections in critically ill children: epidemiology, risk factors and antifungal drugs.

Background: Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are important infectious complications amongst critically ill children. The most common fungal infections are due to species. , and are also emerging because of the empirical use of antifungal drugs.

A tool for clarifying expectations in undergraduate research experiences.

Articulating clear and achievable expectations is fundamental to both education and organizational management. In this article, we provide a simple intervention for clarifying expectations-and establishing that these expectations have been understood-which proved beneficial both to community college interns and to their internship mentors in biotech-related undergraduate research experiences. Internship mentors were asked to utilize a simple Expectation Clarity Tool to outline the expectations, success metrics, baseline assessments, and training strategy and support that would be foundational to their intern's project.

Oral Health Status and Oral Health-Related Behaviours of Hong Kong Students with Vision Impairment.

This cross-sectional epidemiological study aimed to describe dental caries and oral hygiene conditions among visually impaired students in Hong Kong. Students aged 6-21 years from two specialised schools for those with vision impairment were invited. Information on sociodemographic background and oral health-related behaviours was collected through an online parent-reported questionnaire.

A Narrative Review on Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children.

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication in children with diabetes mellitus. There are considerable differences in the management approaches for DKA between different countries. One of the main areas of differences between guidelines is the administration of fluid, with most guidelines adopting a restrictive approach.

Prevalence and Outcomes of Infections in Critically-ill Paediatric Oncology Patients: A Retrospective Observation Study.

Purpose: The survival of paediatric oncology patients has improved substantially in the past decades due to advances in the field of oncology. Modern cancer treatments often come with life-threatening complications, of which infection is one of the most common causes in this patient population. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and outcomes of common infections in haemato-oncology patients during their stay in paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and to identify any factors associated with these infections.

Virtual Pharmacy: An Integrated Collaborative Redesign Targeting Medication-Related Problems in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Introduction: Collaborative management of kidney disease relies on coordinated and effective partnerships between multiple providers. Siloed traditional health systems often result in delays, barriers to treatment access, and inefficient monitoring.

Methods: We conducted a 1-year observational mixed-methods study.

Management of Craniosynostosis in Lethal Perinatal Hypophosphatasia.

Although perinatal lethal hypophosphatasia (HPP) was once a disease with a universally poor prognosis, it has now become a rare but treatable condition with the advent of enzyme replacement therapy with asfotase alfa. As a result, a greater population of patients with perinatal HPP are presenting with abnormal head shape and craniosynostosis. The authors present here 3 cases of perinatal lethal HPP, 1 treated with traditional open cranial vault remodeling and 2 treated utilizing distraction osteogenesis techniques.

SARS-CoV-2 Encephalitis Influenza Encephalitis: More Similarities than Differences.

Background: From time to time, physicians face challenging diagnostic and therapeutic issues concerning the acute management of children with viral encephalitis.

Objectives: The aim of this article is to provide an updated narrative review on the similarities and differences between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza encephalitis.

Methods: A PubMed search was performed with the function "Clinical Queries" using the key terms "SARS-CoV-2" OR "Influenza" AND "Encephalitis".

A Case Series of Appendicitis and Pseudo-appendicitis in a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Introduction: Appendicitis is a common childhood condition that can be diagnostically challenging. Severe cases may necessitate support in the critical or intensive care unit. These "critical appendicitis diagnoses" have rarely been described.

Body image flexibility and exercise motivation: A two-sample replication study.

Body image flexibility - defined as one's ability to accept positive and negative body-related experiences - is theorized to promote adaptive motivational and behavioural outcomes. To date, there is a dearth of literature examining how body image flexibility is related to exercise motivation, a key predictor of exercise behaviour. The purpose of this study was to examine prospective within- and between-person associations between body image flexibility and autonomous and controlled exercise motivation in two independent samples.

To Operate or Not to Operate? Reconstructive Surgical Burden and Quality of Life of Pediatric Patients with Facial Differences.

Objective: The Craniofacial Condition Quality of Life Scale (CFC-QoL) was used to evaluate the relationship between surgical burden and quality of life (QoL).

Design: Patient-parent dyads completed the CFC-QoL which queries the following QoL domains: Bullying, Peer Problems, Psychological Impact, Family Support, Appearance Satisfaction, and Desire for Appearance Change. Stepwise multivariate linear regressions were performed for each QoL domain.

Hypertonic glucose pleurodesis for preterm neonates with chylothorax.

Chylothorax is a known complication of postcardiac surgery and the most common cause of pleural effusion in neonates. Conservative management is usually adopted, including Nil-per-Oral (NPO), treatment of underlying etiology of infection, and use of octreotide. Chylothorax resistant to medical therapy and drainage is often treated by chemical pleurodesis.

Effectiveness of telerehabilitation and home-based falls prevention programs for community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

Introduction: Falls among older adults are associated with adverse sequelae including fractures, chronic pain and disability, which can lead to loss of independence and increased risks of nursing home admissions. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the uptake of telehealth, but the effectiveness of virtual, home-based fall prevention programmes is not clearly known. We aim to synthesise the trials on telerehabilitation and home-based falls prevention programmes to determine their effectiveness in reducing falls and adverse outcomes, as well as to describe the safety risks associated with telerehabilitation.

Psychosocial Burden of Pediatric and Adult Patients With Congenital Versus Traumatic Facial Differences: Assessment of Psychiatric Distress and Healthcare Utilization in the United States From 2004 to 2012.

Background: Psychiatric distress and its effects on healthcare utilization in pediatric patients with congenital and traumatic facial differences remain poorly understood. This study analyzes the psychosocial burden along with mental health and reconstructive surgery services utilization of this patient population in comparison with adult patients with such facial differences.

Methods: The 2004-2012 Medical Expenditures Panel Survey was queried for all patients with facial differences.

The Effects of Chronic Steroid Use on Postoperative Complications Following Thyroidectomy.

Background: Patients undergoing thyroidectomy are sometimes on chronic steroids for underlying disease. This study examined the postoperative risk profile of thyroidectomy patients on chronic steroids.

Methods: Patients in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database who underwent thyroidectomy were sorted by presence or absence of chronic steroid use.