Serological survey for maternal antibodies to Borreliella burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in dogs from endemic and non-endemic regions of the United States.

In North America, the tick-borne pathogens Borreliella burgdorferi (Lyme disease; LD) and Anaplasma phagocytophilum (anaplasmosis) are a significant health threat to dogs. Little is known regarding the seroprevalence of maternal antibodies (Abs) to these pathogens in young dogs. The analysis of maternal antibody (Ab) profiles is important as it could bear on the interpretation of currently available diagnostic assays and the potential for vaccine interference in pups.

Magnetic resonance imaging of pulmonary lesions in guinea pigs infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

We utilized magnetic resonance imaging to visualize lesions in the lungs of guinea pigs infected by low-dose aerosol exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Lesions were prominent in such images, and colorized three-dimensional reconstructions of images revealed a very uniform distribution in the lungs. Lesion numbers after 1 month were approximately similar to the aerosol exposure algorithm, suggesting that each was established by a single bacterium.

Species-specific assessment of pain in laboratory animals.

Pain has been defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential damage or described in terms of such damage". However, the ability to describe the concept of pain is difficult largely because pain is an individualized and subjective experience. What one person finds painful, another may not; what relieves pain for one may not do so for another.