Management of insufficiency fractures associated with long-term bisphosphonate therapy in a cat.

Case Summary: A 10-year-old spayed female domestic medium hair cat presented after sustaining atraumatic insufficiency fractures of the right calcaneus and the left tibia approximately 6 weeks apart. Chronic alendronate therapy had been ongoing for 9 years for the management of previously diagnosed idiopathic hypercalcemia. The right calcaneal fracture was managed non-operatively due to minimal functional impairment.

Single institution retrospective study evaluating the frequency of implant removal and associated risk factors following open fracture fixation in 80 cases (2010-2020).

Background: Open fractures occur commonly in small animals and are characterised by contamination of the fracture site. While never quantified, it is believed that open fractures stabilised with internal implants are at a higher risk for requiring explantation. This retrospective study determines the frequency and risk factors for explantation following use of internal fixation.

Accuracy of anatomic 3-dimensionally printed canine humeral models.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of various three-dimensional print (3DP) technologies using morphometric measurements.

Study Design: Experimental.

Sample Population: Cadaveric canine humeri and size-matched 3DP models.

Tibial tuberosity transposition advancement for treatment of concomitant cranial cruciate ligament rupture and medial patellar luxation in four feline stifles.

Case Series Summary: Three cats (four stifles) were diagnosed with varying grades of medial patellar luxation and stifle instability in cranial tibial thrust. Radiographs showed periarticular osteophytosis, intra-articular mineralization and opacification encroachment of the infrapatellar fat pad. Stifle exploration revealed either partial (n = 2) or complete (n = 2) cranial cruciate ligament tear and medial meniscal injury in all cases.

Clinical application of the small I-Loc interlocking nail in 30 feline fractures: A prospective study.

Objective: To describe medium-term functional outcome after nail osteosynthesis in feline traumatology and report clinically relevant recommendations for I-Loc angle-stable interlocking nail use in cats.

Study Design: Prospective clinical study.

Sample Population: Client-owned cats (n = 29).

Design Considerations to Facilitate Clinical Radiological Evaluation of Implantable Biomedical Structures.

Clinical effectiveness of implantable medical devices would be improved with in situ monitoring to ensure device positioning, determine subsequent damage, measure biodegradation, and follow healing. While standard clinical imaging protocols are appropriate for diagnosing disease and injury, these protocols have not been vetted for imaging devices. This study investigated how radiologists use clinical imaging to detect the location and integrity of implanted devices and whether embedding nanoparticle contrast agents into devices can improve assessment.

Perceptions of the feedback process: a case study of veterinary residents and supervisors.

Background: Appraisal of resident clinical performance is critical during training. The most common method for this is feedback to residents based on impressions of supervising clinicians. How effective these practices are for veterinary residents remains unknown.

Interlocking Nails and Minimally Invasive Osteosynthesis.

Reviews of clinical outcomes led to the foundation of a new approach in fracture management known as biological osteosynthesis. As intramedullary rods featuring cannulations and locking devices at both extremities, interlocking nails are well suited for bridging osteosynthesis. Unique biological and mechanical benefits make them ideal for minimally invasive nail osteosynthesis and an attractive, effective alternative to plating, particularly in revisions of failed plate osteosynthesis.

Bilateral radial and ulnar fractures in a red kangaroo ().

Case Description: An 11-month-old sexually intact male red kangaroo () was examined because of bilateral radial and ulnar fractures.

Clinical Findings: Radiography of the forelimbs revealed bilateral, short oblique fractures in the proximal to mid diaphyses of the radii and ulnae. Fractures were overriding and moderately displaced.

Outcome of Supraglenoid Tubercle Fractures in 12 Dogs.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to report the outcome and complications of surgical stabilization following fracture of the supraglenoid tubercle in dogs.

Materials And Methods:  Data from three referral centres (Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Michigan State University and Veterinary Referral Hospital Hallam) were reviewed retrospectively for cases of supraglenoid tubercle fracture ( = 12).

Results:  Overall success rate was 9/12.

Injuries involving the central tarsal bone in nonracing dogs: Short-term outcomes and prognostic factors.

Objective: To describe traumatic injuries involving the central tarsal bone (Tc) in nonracing dogs.

Study Design: Retrospective multicenter study.

Animals: Thirty-two client-owned dogs.

Impact of femoral varus on complications and outcome associated with corrective surgery for medial patellar luxation.

Objectives: To evaluate the association of femoral varus with postoperative complications and outcome following standard corrective surgery for medial patellar luxation (MPL) without distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) in dogs.

Methods: In a retrospective study spanning a 12 year period, 87 stifles with MPL that were treated by standard surgical techniques were included. Inclination angle (ICA), femoral varus angle (FVA), anatomical lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA), and mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) were measured.

Surgical management of medial humeral epicondylitis, cubital synovial osteochondromatosis and humeroradial subluxation in a cat.

Case Summary: A 13-year-old domestic shorthair cat presented for evaluation of pain and difficulty ambulating. Orthopedic examination and CT facilitated a diagnosis of bilateral elbow synovial osteochondromatosis with medial humeral epicondylitis and concurrent osteoarthritis. Right humeroradial subluxation was evident on CT images, but no instability was evident preoperatively.

Surgical stabilization of concomitant canine medial patellar luxation and cranial cruciate ligament disease. Effect of fixation method on postoperative complication rate and clinical outcome.

Objectives: To compare complication rates and outcomes between cases of concomitant cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) disease and medial patellar luxation (MPL) treated using extracapsular stabilization and tibial tuberosity transposition (ECS+TTT) and tibial tuberosity transposition and advancement (TTTA).

Methods: In a multicentre retrospective study, records from four referral hospitals were reviewed for dogs with concomitant CrCL pathology and MPL treated using ECS+TTT or TTTA. Data retrieved included signalment, partial/complete CrCL tear, MPL grade, treatment performed, occurrence of postoperative complications, and postoperative outcome grade.

Calcaneal Fractures in Non-Racing Dogs and Cats: Complications, Outcome, and Associated Risk Factors.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of complications and describe the outcome associated with calcaneal fractures in non-racing dogs and in cats.

Study Design: Retrospective multicenter clinical cohort study.

Animals: Medical records of client-owned dogs and cats (2004-2013).

A preliminary study of the effect of closed incision management with negative pressure wound therapy over high-risk incisions.

Background: Certain postoperative wounds are recognised to be associated with more complications than others and may be termed high-risk. Wound healing can be particularly challenging following high-energy trauma where wound necrosis and infection rates are high. Surgical incision for joint arthrodesis can also be considered high-risk as it requires extensive and invasive surgery and postoperative distal limb swelling and wound dehiscence are common.

Effect of fixation method on postoperative complication rates after surgical stabilization of lateral humeral condylar fractures in dogs.

Objectives: To assess the impact of stabilization method on the complication rate after lateral humeral condylar fracture (LHCF) repair.

Study Design: Retrospective multicenter clinical cohort study.

Animals: Dogs (n = 151) with LHCF.

Patellar ligament rupture in the cat: repair methods and patient outcomes in seven cases.

The medical records of cats receiving surgical treatment for unilateral patellar ligament rupture between 1999 and 2012 at 12 referral centres in the UK and Ireland were reviewed. Seven cases were identified: six were caused by trauma and one was iatrogenic, occurring as a complication following surgical stabilisation of a tibial fracture. All cases were treated by sutured anastomosis of the ruptured ligament, with six of the repairs protected by a circumpatellar and/or transpatellar loop of suture.

Effect of neutering and breed on femoral and tibial physeal closure times in male and female domestic cats.

The timing of physeal closure is dependent upon many factors, including gonadal steroids, and previous studies have shown that early neutering delays physeal closure. Pelvic and femoral radiographs of 808 cats were analysed and physes at the greater trochanter, proximal femur, distal femur and proximal tibia were recorded as being open or closed. Date of birth, gender, neuter status and breed of cases were recorded.

Use of vacuum-assisted closure to maintain viability of a skin flap in a dog.

Case Description: A 4-year-old sexually intact male Labrador Retriever-Poodle mix was admitted to the hospital for treatment of a wound in the left thoracic region. The wound had been debrided and primary closure had been performed by the referring veterinarian 4 days previously.

Clinical Findings: The dog had a 20-cm-long wound covered by a large flap of skin that extended caudally from the scapula over the left side of the thorax.

A case of scapular avulsion with concomitant scapular fracture in a cat.

An 11-year-old cat was referred following vehicular trauma for evaluation and treatment of right thoracic limb lameness which was non-responsive to conservative management. Gait assessment revealed a severe weight-bearing right thoracic limb lameness, soft tissue swelling over the dorsal border of the scapula, crepitus upon direct palpation over the scapula and lateralisation of the scapula upon adduction of the distal limb allowing a diagnosis of scapular avulsion to be made. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a comminuted fracture of the right scapula and a tear of the serratus ventralis muscle.