Automated cooling tower detection through deep learning for Legionnaires' disease outbreak investigations: a model development and validation study.

Background: Cooling towers containing Legionella spp are a high-risk source of Legionnaires' disease outbreaks. Manually locating cooling towers from aerial imagery during outbreak investigations requires expertise, is labour intensive, and can be prone to errors. We aimed to train a deep learning computer vision model to automatically detect cooling towers that are aerially visible.

Epidemiologic and tick exposure characteristics among people with reported Lyme disease - Minnesota, 2011-2019.

Aims And Methods: In the United States, blacklegged Ixodes spp. ticks are the primary vector of Lyme disease. Minnesota is among the states with the highest reported incidence of Lyme disease, having an average of 1857 cases reported annually during 2011-2019.

Power Law for Estimating Underdetection of Foodborne Disease Outbreaks, United States.

We fit a power law distribution to US foodborne disease outbreaks to assess underdetection and underreporting. We predicted that 788 fewer than expected small outbreaks were identified annually during 1998-2017 and 365 fewer during 2018-2019, after whole-genome sequencing was implemented. Power law can help assess effectiveness of public health interventions.

Detecting Mpox Cases Through Wastewater Surveillance - United States, August 2022-May 2023.

In October 2022, CDC's National Wastewater Surveillance System began routine testing of U.S. wastewater for Monkeypox virus.

Epidemiologic and Clinical Features of Mpox-Associated Deaths - United States, May 10, 2022-March 7, 2023.

As of March 7, 2023, a total of 30,235 confirmed and probable monkeypox (mpox) cases were reported in the United States, predominantly among cisgender men who reported recent sexual contact with another man (1). Although most mpox cases during the current outbreak have been self-limited, cases of severe illness and death have been reported (2-4). During May 10, 2022-March 7, 2023, 38 deaths among persons with probable or confirmed mpox (1.

Longitudinal Analysis of Electronic Health Information to Identify Possible COVID-19 Sequelae.

Ongoing symptoms might follow acute COVID-19. Using electronic health information, we compared pre‒ and post‒COVID-19 diagnostic codes to identify symptoms that had higher encounter incidence in the post‒COVID-19 period as sequelae. This method can be used for hypothesis generation and ongoing monitoring of sequelae of COVID-19 and future emerging diseases.

Cholera Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2022.

THIS REPORT SUMMARIZES ALL RECOMMENDATIONS FROM CDC'S ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES (ACIP) FOR THE USE OF LYOPHILIZED CVD 103-HGR VACCINE (CVD 103-HGR) (VAXCHORA, EMERGENT BIOSOLUTIONS, GAITHERSBURG, MD) IN THE UNITED STATES. THE LIVE ATTENUATED ORAL CHOLERA VACCINE IS DERIVED FROM: Vibrio cholerae O1 and is administered in a single dose. Cholera is a toxin-mediated bacterial gastrointestinal illness caused by toxigenic V.

Prenatal THC Exposure Induces Sex-Dependent Neuropsychiatric Endophenotypes in Offspring and Long-Term Disruptions in Fatty-Acid Signaling Pathways Directly in the Mesolimbic Circuitry.

Despite increased prevalence of maternal cannabis use, little is understood regarding potential long-term effects of prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) on neurodevelopmental outcomes. While neurodevelopmental cannabis exposure increases the risk of developing affective/mood disorders in adulthood, the precise neuropathophysiological mechanisms in male and female offspring are largely unknown. Given the interconnectivity of the endocannabinoid (ECb) system and the brain's fatty acid pathways, we hypothesized that prenatal exposure to Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) may dysregulate fetal neurodevelopment through alterations of fatty-acid dependent synaptic and neuronal function in the mesolimbic system.

Menstrual irregularities and vaginal bleeding after COVID-19 vaccination reported to v-safe active surveillance, USA in December, 2020-January, 2022: an observational cohort study.

Background: Anecdotal reports of menstrual irregularities after receiving COVID-19 vaccines have been observed in post-authorisation and post-licensure monitoring. We aimed to identify and classify reports of menstrual irregularities and vaginal bleeding after COVID-19 vaccination submitted to a voluntary active surveillance system.

Methods: This observational cohort study included recipients of a COVID-19 vaccine who were aged 18 years and older and reported their health experiences to v-safe, a voluntary smartphone-based active surveillance system for monitoring COVID-19 vaccine safety in the USA, from Dec 14, 2020, to Jan 9, 2022.

Inadequate Refrigeration of Some Commercial Foods Is a Continued Cause of Foodborne Botulism in the United States, 1994-2021.

Foodborne botulism is a rapidly progressive potentially fatal paralyzing illness caused by the consumption of botulinum neurotoxin, which is most commonly produced by Refrigeration is the primary barrier to botulinum neurotoxin production in many processed foods. toxin production has occurred and caused botulism in the United States when foods that were not processed to destroy spores of were stored in an anaerobic environment and not properly refrigerated. We identified 37 cases, including 4 deaths, that occurred during 1994-2021 in the United States from 13 events associated with inadequate refrigeration of commercially produced products.

Identification and description of patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection using the Premier Healthcare Database.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is a hyperinflammatory illness related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The characteristics of patients with this syndrome and the frequency with which it occurs among patients hospitalised after SARS-CoV-2 infection are unclear. Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case definition for MIS-A, we created ICD-10-CM code and laboratory criteria to identify potential MIS-A patients in the Premier Healthcare Database Special COVID-19 Release, a database containing patient-level information on hospital discharges across the United States.

Characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19-Puerto Rico, March-August 2020.

Hispanics are the majority ethnic population in Puerto Rico where we reviewed charts of 109 hospitalized COVID-19 patients to better understand demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and determine risk factors for poor outcomes. Eligible medical records of hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 illnesses were reviewed at four participating hospitals in population centers across Puerto Rico and data were abstracted that described the clinical course, interventions, and outcomes. We found hospitalized patients had a median of 3 underlying conditions with obesity and diabetes as the most frequently reported conditions.

Underlying Medical Conditions and Severe Illness Among 540,667 Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19, March 2020-March 2021.

Introduction: Severe COVID-19 illness in adults has been linked to underlying medical conditions. This study identified frequent underlying conditions and their attributable risk of severe COVID-19 illness.

Methods: We used data from more than 800 US hospitals in the Premier Healthcare Database Special COVID-19 Release (PHD-SR) to describe hospitalized patients aged 18 years or older with COVID-19 from March 2020 through March 2021.

Underlying Medical Conditions Associated With Severe COVID-19 Illness Among Children.

Importance: Information on underlying conditions and severe COVID-19 illness among children is limited.

Objective: To examine the risk of severe COVID-19 illness among children associated with underlying medical conditions and medical complexity.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study included patients aged 18 years and younger with International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification code U07.

Characteristics and Risk Factors of Hospitalized and Nonhospitalized COVID-19 Patients, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, March-April 2020.

We compared the characteristics of hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients who had coronavirus disease in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. We found that risk for hospitalization increased with a patient's age and number of concurrent conditions. We also found a potential association between hospitalization and high hemoglobin A1c levels in persons with diabetes.

Clinical and Laboratory Findings in Patients With Potential Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Reinfection, May-July 2020.

Background: We investigated patients with potential severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection in the United States during May-July 2020.

Methods: We conducted case finding for patients with potential SARS-CoV-2 reinfection through the Emerging Infections Network. Cases reported were screened for laboratory and clinical findings of potential reinfection followed by requests for medical records and laboratory specimens.

COVID-19 Clinical Phenotypes: Presentation and Temporal Progression of Disease in a Cohort of Hospitalized Adults in Georgia, United States.

Background: The epidemiological features and outcomes of hospitalized adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been described; however, the temporal progression and medical complications of disease among hospitalized patients require further study. Detailed descriptions of the natural history of COVID-19 among hospitalized patients are paramount to optimize health care resource utilization, and the detection of different clinical phenotypes may allow tailored clinical management strategies.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 305 adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in 8 academic and community hospitals.

Predictors at Admission of Mechanical Ventilation and Death in an Observational Cohort of Adults Hospitalized With Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can cause severe illness and death. Predictors of poor outcome collected on hospital admission may inform clinical and public health decisions.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort investigation of 297 adults admitted to 8 academic and community hospitals in Georgia, United States, during March 2020.

Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Adult Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 - Georgia, March 2020.

SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first detected in the United States during January 2020 (1). Since then, >980,000 cases have been reported in the United States, including >55,000 associated deaths as of April 28, 2020 (2). Detailed data on demographic characteristics, underlying medical conditions, and clinical outcomes for persons hospitalized with COVID-19 are needed to inform prevention strategies and community-specific intervention messages.

Endometrial microbiota in infertile women with and without chronic endometritis as diagnosed using a quantitative and reference range-based method.

Objective: To systematically compare the endometrial microbiota in infertile women with and without chronic endometritis (CE), as diagnosed by a quantitative and reference range-based method.

Design: Case-control observational study.

Setting: University-affiliated hospital.

CKD Awareness in the General Population: Performance of CKD-Specific Questions.

Rationale & Objective: Data from patients in one delivery system have suggested that the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) awareness differs by how the question is asked. We examined the sensitivity and specificity of different CKD awareness questions among diverse community-dwelling adults who were not necessarily engaged in primary care to determine the generalizability of prior results.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Healthcare utilization for common infectious disease syndromes in Soweto and Klerksdorp, South Africa.

Introduction: Understanding healthcare utilization helps characterize access to healthcare, identify barriers and improve surveillance data interpretation. We describe healthcare-seeking behaviors for common infectious syndromes and identify reasons for seeking care.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among residents in Soweto and Klerksdorp, South Africa.

Systematic Comparison of Bacterial Colonization of Endometrial Tissue and Fluid Samples in Recurrent Miscarriage Patients: Implications for Future Endometrial Microbiome Studies.

Background: A recent study has reported that the microbiota in endometrial fluid of patients receiving in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) may predict implantation and pregnancy rates. However, studies are lacking that simultaneously compare the microbiota between endometrial fluid and tissue samples. Whether the microbiota composition in endometrial fluid reflects that in the endometrial tissue remains unclear.