A Model of Combined Exposure to Nicotine and Tetrahydrocannabinol Electronic Cigarettes in Pregnant Rats.

Nicotine and cannabis are two of the most commonly consumed licit and illicit drugs during pregnancy, often consumed together e-cigarettes. Vaping is assumed to be a safer alternative than traditional routes of consumption, yet the potential consequences of prenatal e-cigarette exposure are largely unknown, particularly when these two drugs are co-consumed. In a novel co-exposure model, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received nicotine (36 mg/mL), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (100 mg/mL), the combination, or the vehicle e-cigarettes daily from gestational days 5-20, mimicking the first and second human trimesters.

Tolerance to high temperature by arboreal mammals using nest boxes in southern Australia.

Nest boxes are used to manage populations of tree-cavity dependent birds and mammals. Concerns have been raised that due to their poor insulative properties nest boxes may cause heat stress and occasionally death during summers of extreme maximum temperatures. Our study investigated whether this nest box heat stress hypothesis applies to two small cavity-dependent mammals (brush-tailed phascogales and sugar gliders).

HPV16 E6 29-38-specific T cells kill cervical carcinoma cells despite partial evasion of T-cell effector function.

Persistent human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) infection is associated with the development of more than 50% of cervical cancers. The HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins are constitutively expressed in cervical carcinomas and are attractive targets for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-based immunotherapy. However, cervical carcinomas may possess multiple evasion mechanisms for HPV16 E6/E7-specific CTL.

Cross-typic specificity and immunotherapeutic potential of a human HPV16 E7-specific CTL line.

Cervical cancer (CaCx) is strongly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly HPV types 16 and 18. The constitutive expression of HPV E6 and E7 proteins in CaCx makes them attractive targets for CTL based immunotherapy. However cervical carcinomas may have features, e.