Lower Extremity Amputation in Fracture-Related Infection.

Objectives: To analyze demographics, comorbidities, fracture characteristics, presenting characteristics, microbiology, and treatment course of patients with fracture-related infections (FRIs) to determine risk factors leading to amputation.

Design: Retrospective cohort.

Setting: Single Level I Trauma Center (2013-2020).

The Impact of Smoking on Hospital Course and Postoperative Outcomes in Patients With Fracture-Related Infections.

Objectives: To assess the relationship between patient smoking status and fracture-related infection (FRI) characteristics including patient symptoms at FRI presentation, bacterial species of FRI, and rates of fracture union.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Urban level 1 trauma center.

Branched chain amino acids selectively promote cardiac growth at the end of the awake period.

Essentially all biological processes fluctuate over the course of the day, manifesting as time-of-day-dependent variations with regards to the way in which organ systems respond to normal behaviors. For example, basic, translational, and epidemiologic studies indicate that temporal partitioning of metabolic processes governs the fate of dietary nutrients, in a manner in which concentrating caloric intake towards the end of the day is detrimental to both cardiometabolic and cardiovascular parameters. Despite appreciation that branched chain amino acids impact risk for obesity, diabetes mellitus, and heart failure, it is currently unknown whether the time-of-day at which dietary BCAAs are consumed influence cardiometabolic/cardiovascular outcomes.