Weight loss interventions for patients with prostate cancer: a scoping review.

Background: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Scoping Review Guidelines were used to conduct a scoping review of weight loss interventions for patients with prostate cancer, with the goal to ascertain the impact of these interventions on body weight, body composition, metabolic biomarkers, and prostate cancer-related outcomes.

Methods: Six bibliographical databases were searched. Eligible studies included articles reporting weight loss behavioral interventions with at least dietary change as an intervention component, body weight as an outcome, and interventions not solely focused on weight loss maintenance.

An Intermittent Fasting Intervention for Black Adults Can Be Feasibly Implemented in Black Churches: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.

Background: Intensive lifestyle interventions, including modest reductions in daily caloric intake (ie, continuous calorie energy reduction [CER]), are recommended by US national professional health organizations (eg, American Heart Association). However, they are less effective in Black communities. A burgeoning literature has reported the promise of intermittent fasting (IF) as an alternative strategy for weight loss.

Outcomes of a Dietary Intervention to Reduce Bladder Cancer Recurrence and Progression in Survivors of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Background: As one of the 10 most common cancers in the United States, bladder cancer is the most expensive cancer to treat. Most bladder cancers (70%-80%) are diagnosed at early stages as non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), which can be removed. However, 50% to 80% of NMIBC recurs within 5 years, and 15% to 30% progresses with poor survival.

Self-reported Racial Discrimination and Healthy Behaviors in Black Adults Residing in Rural Persistent Poverty Areas.

Background: Racism is a social determinant of health inequities and associated with poorer health and health behaviors. As a domain of racism, self-reported racial discrimination affects health through unhealthy behaviors (e.g.

Barriers, facilitators, and priority needs related to cancer prevention, control, and research in rural, persistent poverty areas.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the barriers, facilitators, and priority needs related to cancer prevention, control, and research in persistent poverty areas.

Methods: We conducted three focus groups with 17 providers and staff of primary care clinics serving persistent poverty areas throughout the state of Arkansas.

Results: We identified multiple barriers, facilitators, and priority needs related to cancer prevention and control at primary care clinics serving persistent poverty areas.

A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Diabetes Prevention Program Interventions for Overweight/Obese Marshallese Adults.

This study compared the effectiveness of two Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) interventions on weight loss among overweight and obese Marshallese adults. The study was a two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in 30 churches in Arkansas and Oklahoma. Marshallese adults with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m were eligible for the study.

Sugar Sweetened and Artificially Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Pancreatic Cancer: A Retrospective Study.

Pancreatic cancer (PanCa) is a highly fatal malignancy with few modifiable risk and prognostic factors. This study investigates the association between cola, diet cola, and non-cola soft drink consumption and PanCa risk and mortality. A retrospective study was conducted using data from the Patient Epidemiology Data System (1982-1998) at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (Buffalo, NY, USA), including 213 PanCa patients and 852 cancer-free controls.

Sweet Beverages and Cancer: A Scoping Review of Quantitative Studies.

Unlabelled: We conducted a scoping review of sweet beverages (SB) and cancer outcomes to ascertain SB's relationship with cancer by SB type and cancer type. We used the PRISMA Scoping Review Guidelines to review quantitative studies of SB and cancer. Eligible studies included articles reporting a quantitative association between SB intake and a cancer-related health outcome in humans, including adiposity-related versus non-adiposity-related cancers.

Cruciferous Vegetable Intervention to Reduce the Risk of Cancer Recurrence in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Survivors: Development Using a Systematic Process.

Background: Bladder cancer is one of the top 10 most common cancers in the United States. Most bladder cancers (70%-80%) are diagnosed at early stages as non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), which can be removed surgically. However, 50% to 80% of NMIBC cases recur within 5 years, and 15% to 30% progress with poor survival.

Inequities in Access to Medical Care Among Adults Diagnosed with Diabetes: Comparisons Between the US Population and a Sample of US-Residing Marshallese Islanders.

Objective: We examined barriers to accessing medical care for migrant US-residing Marshallese Islanders.

Methods: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted to identify potential inequities. Surveys from largely migrant diabetic Marshallese Islanders (n = 255) were compared with nationally representative data.

Assessing the Feasibility of an Online Training Designed to Enable Community Health Workers to Deliver a Comprehensive, Evidence-Based Weight Loss Intervention for Rural African Americans of Faith.

Obesity is a critical modifiable risk factor in cancer prevention, control, and survivorship. Comprehensive weight loss interventions (e.g.

Implementation costs of a community health worker delivered weight loss intervention in black churches serving underserved communities.

Black adults bear a disproportionate burden of the obesity epidemic but are underrepresented in weight loss research and lose less weight than their white counterparts in weight loss interventions. Comprehensive behavioral weight loss interventions cause weight loss, but their high cost have stymied their implementation in black and other underserved communities. Recent translations of evidence-based weight loss interventions for black communities have been designed to increase intervention reach.

The WORD: Outcomes of a Behavioral Weight Loss Maintenance Effectiveness Trial in Rural Black Adults of Faith.

Objective: Rural black communities bear a disproportionate burden of obesity. To increase reach among underserved groups, community-based weight loss and maintenance interventions are crucial.

Methods: The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) was adapted for rural black adults of faith to create The Wholeness, Oneness, Righteousness, Deliverance (WORD) trial, a group-based, community health worker-delivered weight loss intervention.

Considering religion and spirituality in precision medicine.

The emerging era of precision medicine (PM) holds great promise for patient care by considering individual, environmental, and lifestyle factors to optimize treatment. Context is centrally important to PM, yet, to date, little attention has been given to the unique context of religion and spirituality (R/S) and their applicability to PM. R/S can support and reinforce health beliefs and behaviors that affect health outcomes.

Overweight and Obesity Among School Bus Drivers in Rural Arkansas.

Introduction: Obesity is a major public health concern. Compared with other occupational groups, transportation workers, such as school bus drivers, have higher rates of obesity. However, little is known about the body weight and related health behaviors of these drivers, and opportunities for intervention are undetermined.

Comparative Effectiveness and Maintenance of Diabetes Self-Management Education Interventions for Marshallese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Marshallese adults experience high rates of type 2 diabetes. Previous diabetes self-management education (DSME) interventions among Marshallese were unsuccessful. This study compared the extent to which two DSME interventions improved glycemic control, measured on the basis of change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA).

How stakeholder engagement influenced a randomized comparative effectiveness trial testing two Diabetes Prevention Program interventions in a Marshallese Pacific Islander Community.

Background: Marshallese face significant health disparities, with particularly high rates of type 2 diabetes. Engaging stakeholders in the research process is essential to reduce health inequities.

Methods: A community- and patient-engaged research approach was used to involve community Marshallese stakeholders in a randomized comparative effectiveness trial testing two Diabetes Prevention Program interventions.

Understanding the impact of rural weight loss interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rural adults have a higher risk of developing obesity than urban adults. Several evidence-based interventions have targeted rural regions, but their impact, defined as reach (number and representativeness of participants) by effectiveness, has not been examined. The purpose of this review was to determine the impact of rural weight loss interventions and the availability of data across dimensions of the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) framework.

A Tailored Dietary Sodium Intervention Using Technology and Psychosocial Support: A Pilot Study.

Background: In patients with heart failure (HF), high dietary sodium intake is common and associated with HF symptoms, poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and high hospitalization rates.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to examine the feasibility of a tailored dietary intervention with a practical tool (MyFitnessPal) and to obtain preliminary data about the effects on sodium intake, factors affecting sodium intake (knowledge, skills, experiences, confidence, perceived benefits and barriers, and depressive symptoms), HF symptoms, and HRQOL.

Methods: A 6-session intervention was delivered to 11 participants.

Reach and Adoption of a Randomized Weight Loss Maintenance Trial in Rural African Americans of Faith: The WORD (Wholeness, Oneness, Righteousness, Deliverance).

Purpose: There is minimal information regarding the Reach and Adoption of evidence-based weight loss maintenance interventions for African Americans of faith.

Design: The WORD (Wholeness, Oneness, Righteousness, Deliverance) was an 18-month, cluster randomized trial designed to reduce and maintain weight loss in African American adults of faith. Participants received the Diabetes Prevention Program adapted core weight loss program for 6 months, and churches were subsequently randomized to 12-month maintenance treatment or control.

Religion and Body Weight Among African-American Adults Attempting to Lose Weight: An Exploratory Study.

Religion and body weight was explored at two time points among overweight and obese African-American adults. Baseline and follow-up data were collected from 26 adults participating in a weight loss intervention and analyzed using multiple regression analyses of religious measures, body weight, and other variables. Frequent church attendance was significantly associated with greater weight lost from baseline to 16-week follow-up.

Design of a comparative effectiveness randomized controlled trial testing a faith-based Diabetes Prevention Program (WORD DPP) vs. a Pacific culturally adapted Diabetes Prevention Program (PILI DPP) for Marshallese in the United States.

Background: Pacific Islander populations, including Marshallese, face a disproportionately high burden of health disparities relative to the general population.

Objectives: A community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach was utilized to engage Marshallese participants in a comparative effectiveness trial testing 2 Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) interventions designed to reduce participant's weight, lower HbA1c, encourage healthy eating, and increase physical activity.

Design: To compare the effectiveness of the faith-based (WORD) DPP to the culturally adapted (Pacific Culturally Adapted Diabetes Prevention Program [PILI]) DPP, a clustered randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 384 Marshallese participants will be implemented in 32 churches located in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma.

Lessons learned from using an audience response system in a community setting for research data collection.

Objectives: A community-academic team implemented a study involving collection of quantitative data using a computer-based audience response system (ARS) whereby community partners led data collection efforts. The team participated in a reflection exercise after the data collection to evaluate and identify best practices and lessons learned about the community partner-led process.

Design & Sample: The methods involved a qualitative research consultant who facilitated the reflection exercise that consisted of two focus groups-one academic and one community research team members.

Reducing depressive symptoms through behavioral activation in churches: A Hybrid-2 randomized effectiveness-implementation design.

Unlabelled: Rural African Americans are disproportionately exposed to numerous stressors such as poverty that place them at risk for experiencing elevated levels of depressive symptoms. Effective treatments for decreasing depressive symptoms exist, but rural African Americans often fail to receive adequate and timely care. Churches have been used to address physical health outcomes in rural African American communities, but few have focused primarily on addressing mental health outcomes.