Analysis of Acrolein Exposure Induced Pulmonary Response in Seven Inbred Mouse Strains and Human Primary Bronchial Epithelial Cells Cultured at Air-Liquid Interface.

Background: Acrolein is a major component of environmental pollutants, cigarette smoke, and is also formed by heating cooking oil. We evaluated the interstrain variability of response to subchronic inhalation exposure to acrolein among inbred mouse strains for inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue injury responses. Furthermore, we studied the response to acrolein vapor in the lung mucosa model using human primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) cultured at an air-liquid interface (ALI) to evaluate the findings of mouse studies.

Toxicity of particles emitted by fireworks.

Background: Particle matter (PM) has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates across the world. This study was designed to test the hypotheses that pyrotechnic firework displays introduce significant amounts of toxic metals into the atmosphere and are hazardous to human health. Size-selective emissions from 10 different fireworks displays were collected during particle generation in a dynamic, stainless steel chamber and tested for toxicity in cells.

World Trade Center Dust induces airway inflammation while promoting aortic endothelial dysfunction.

Respiratory ailments have plagued occupational and public health communities exposed to World Trade Center (WTC) dust since the September 11, 2001 attack on the Twin Towers in Lower Manhattan. We proposed that these ailments were proposed to be induced by inhalation exposure to WTC particulate matter (WTC), that was released during the collapse of the buildings and its subsequent resuspension during cleanup. We investigated this hypothesis using both an in vitro and an in vivo mouse intranasal (IN) exposure models to identify the inflammatory potential of WTC with specific emphasis on respiratory and endothelial tissue responses.

The Role of Iraqi Dust in Inducing Lung Injury in United States Soldiers-An Interdisciplinary Study.

United States soldiers are returning from the Greater Middle East with respiratory illnesses ranging from new onset asthma to constrictive bronchiolitis. The etiology of the diseases is unknown. A study was conducted to determine the possible role of local mineral dust in the development of abnormal respiratory illnesses in soldiers during and after deployment in Iraq.

Genetic determinants of susceptibility to silver nanoparticle-induced acute lung inflammation in mice.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are employed in a variety of consumer products; however, rodent studies indicate that AgNPs can cause lung inflammation and toxicity in a strain- and particle type-dependent manner, but mechanisms of susceptibility remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the variation in AgNP-induced lung inflammation and toxicity across multiple inbred mouse strains and to use genome-wide association (GWA) mapping to identify potential candidate susceptibility genes. Mice received doses of 0.

and toxicity of urban and rural particulate matter from California.

Particulate matter (PM) varies in chemical composition and mass concentration based on location, source, and particle size. This study sought to evaluate the and toxicity of coarse (PM) and fine (PM) PM samples collected at 5 diverse sites within California. Coarse and fine PM samples were collected simultaneously at 2 rural and 3 urban sites within California during the summer.

The effect of particle size, location and season on the toxicity of urban and rural particulate matter.

Particulate matter (PM) varies in chemical composition and mass concentration based on a number of factors including location, season, source and particle size. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of coarse and fine PM simultaneously collected at three rural and two urban sites within the metropolitan New York City (NYC) region during two seasons, and to assess how particle size and elemental composition affect toxicity. Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial (HPMEC-ST1.

Age, strain, and gender as factors for increased sensitivity of the mouse lung to inhaled ozone.

Ozone (O(3)) is a respiratory irritant that leads to airway inflammation and pulmonary dysfunction. Animal studies show that neonates are more sensitive to O(3) inhalation than adults, and children represent a potentially susceptible population. This latter notion is not well established, and biological mechanisms underlying a predisposition to pollution-induced pulmonary effects are unknown.

Mycobacterium immunogenum causes hypersensitivity pneumonitis-like pathology in mice.

A surprising number of cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis have been observed at work sites employing automotive machinists. Because hypersensitivity pneumonitis is not typically associated with exposure to metalworking fluid aerosols, this study examined whether Mycobacterium immunogenum (M. immunogenum), a rapidly growing mycobacterium isolated from several affected work sites, could induce hypersensitivity pneumonitis in mice.