Factors Associated with Outcomes of Pre-ART HIV Care.

The World Health Organization recommended removing all CD4 requirements for initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings. We examined the pre-ART period to identify and assess factors associated with outcomes of pre-ART care. Four modes of transition out of pre-ART care were considered.

How can routine health information systems improve health systems functioning in low- and middle-income countries? Assessing the evidence base.

Purpose: Health system performance depends on production and use of quality health data and information. Routine health information systems (RHIS) are defined as systems that provide information at regular intervals of a year or less to meet predictable information needs. These include paper-based or electronic health records and facility- and district-level management information systems.

The reliability and validity of willingness to pay surveys for reproductive health pricing decisions in developing countries.

This paper examines the reliability, theoretical and predictive validity of willingness to pay (WTP) surveys for setting prices for reproductive health services in developing countries. Four country applications were conducted; the surveys used similar elicitation methods (a series of three closed-ended questions to cover the range of target prices, followed by a single open ended question to elicit maximum WTP) and samples of current or potential users of family planning, gynecology, and prenatal care services. In all four applications, respondents were able to understand WTP questions and responded with high levels of internal consistency.