Real-time associations among MS symptoms and cognitive dysfunction using ecological momentary assessment.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by a wide range of disabling symptoms, including cognitive dysfunction, fatigue, depression, anxiety, pain, and sleep difficulties. The current study aimed to examine real-time associations between non-cognitive and cognitive symptoms (latter measured both objectively and subjectively in real-time) using smartphone-administered ecological momentary assessment (EMA).

Methods: Forty-five persons with MS completed EMA four times per day for 3 weeks.