Does this man with lower urinary tract symptoms have bladder outlet obstruction?: The Rational Clinical Examination: a systematic review.

Importance: Early, accurate diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms may reduce the need for invasive testing (ie, catheter placement, urodynamics), and prompt early treatment to provide symptomatic relief and avoid complications.

Objectives: To systematically review the evidence on (1) the diagnostic accuracy of office-based tests for bladder outlet obstruction in men with lower urinary tract symptoms; and (2) the accuracy of the bladder scan as a measure of urine volume because management decisions rely on measuring postvoid bladder residual volumes.

Data Sources And Study Selection: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1950-March 2014), along with reference lists from retrieved articles were searched to identify studies of diagnostic test accuracy among males with lower urinary tract symptoms due to bladder outlet obstruction.

Pharmacotherapy for personality disorder-prescribing practice at a high secure hospital: a preliminary report.

The aim of this study was to examine the prescription of psychotropic medication for patients with a primary diagnosis of personality disorder (PD) detained at Rampton High Secure Hospital, compared with that for patients with a primary diagnosis of mental illness. The name and the dose of psychotropic medication prescribed for each patient in the sample, on 2 July 2010, were examined. Although nearly all patients with a primary diagnosis of mental illness were prescribed psychotropic medication (98%), the percentage within the Personality Disorder (73%) and the Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder services (62%) was also high, with the most commonly prescribed drug being an antipsychotic in all groups.

Retroperitoneal liposarcoma in an adult patient with Down syndrome.

Retroperitoneal liposarcoma is a rare solid tumour of mesenchymal origin with an incidence of 2.5 per million population. We report what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case in the English literature of retroperitoneal liposarcoma in an adult patient with Down syndrome.

Involving patients in research: the challenge of patient-centredness.

Background: The concept of patient-centredness is increasingly being incorporated into modern healthcare practice, yet little attention has been given to the development of patient-centred principles in research.

Aims: This study aimed to establish convergent validity for a definition of patient-centredness using abstracts from schizophrenia research and to explore the experiences of psychiatrists and service users taking part in research that was designed to be patient-centred.

Methods: Mixed methods were used in this community study.

International schizophrenia research and the concept of patient-centredness: an analysis over two decades.

Background: Patient-centred medicine improves psychological and physiological functioning in chronic illnesses.

Aims: To determine to what extent the patient-centred ethos (as exemplified by research addressing subjective experiences) was incorporated into work presented at major international schizophrenia research forums between 1988 and 2004.

Method: Whole population-based, retrospective cohort study using abstracts from the International Congress on Schizophrenia Research and the Biennial Winter Workshop on Schizophrenia (n = 9,284).

Learning of dynamic display AAC technologies by typically developing 3-year-olds: effect of different layouts and menu approaches.

The present study investigated the learning demands of dynamic display augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) technologies that differed in system layout and menu page approaches for 3-year-old children. Ten typically developing children were randomly assigned to each of 3 technology approaches and were asked to located vocabulary items within a play context. Results indicated that the children had difficulty with all of the technologies on initial exposure.

Does treatment really make psychopaths worse? A review of the evidence.

We aimed to evaluate critically the evidence behind the perceived inverse association between the degree of psychopathy as reflected by a high score on the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) and treatment response. A literature search with the key identifiers of PCL-R (or its derivatives) and treatment response produced 24 studies that were then systematically evaluated. This showed that only three studies were of an appropriate research design to answer the question and of these, none met our standard for an acceptable study.