Specialty Tobacco Treatment Implementation in Oncology: A Qualitative Study.

Purpose: In 2017, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) funded the Cancer Center Cessation Initiative (C3I) to implement and expand tobacco treatment programs in routine oncology care. Many C3I programs developed specialty care programs staffed by tobacco treatment specialists (TTSs) to deliver evidence-based treatment to adult patients who smoke. People involved in specialty tobacco treatment programs can help to identify implementation strategies and adaptations that may enhance tobacco treatment reach and effectiveness in cancer care and help more patients with cancer quit using tobacco.

Correlates of improved outcomes in patients with COVID-19 treated in US emergency departments.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic was managed in part by the rapid development of vaccines, diagnostics, and therapeutics including antiviral agents and advances in emergency airway and ventilatory management. The impact of these therapeutic advances on clinically pertinent metrics of emergency care have not been well-studied.

Methods: We abstracted data from emergency department (ED) visits made to 21 US health systems during the first two years of the pandemic, from February 1, 2020 to January 31, 2022.

Hospital outcomes for young adults with COVID-19.

Background: Older adults are at higher risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19 with comorbidities increasing such risk. Much less is known about the outcomes of young adults with COVID-19 despite their having had high infection rates.

Objectives: Our objective was to determine outcomes of hospitalized young adults with COVID-19 infection including rates of oxygen use, mortality, ICU admission, intubation, duration of hospitalization, and factors associated with adverse outcomes.

COVID-19 outcomes among patients with dementia and age-matched controls who were hospitalized in 21 US health-care systems.

Introduction: COVID-19 had devastating impacts worldwide. However, most research examining the impact of dementia on COVID-19 outcomes has been conducted in Europe and Asia and has not examined dementia subtypes.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of electronic health record data from 21 US health-care systems examined relationships of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia with in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and hospital stay duration.

Explaining COVID-19 related mortality disparities in American Indians and Alaska Natives.

American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) individuals are more likely to die with COVID-19 than other groups, but there is limited empirical evidence to explain the cause of this inequity. The objective of this study was to determine whether medical comorbidities, area socioeconomic deprivation, or access to treatment can explain the greater COVID-19 related mortality among AI/AN individuals. The design was a retrospective cohort study of harmonized electronic health record data of all inpatients with COVID-19 from 21 United States health systems from February 2020 through January 2022.

Factors associated with 60-day readmission among inpatients with COVID-19 at 21 United States health systems.

Identifying patients at risk for readmission after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection could facilitate care planning and prevention. This retrospective cohort study of 60-day readmission included 105 543 COVID-19 patients at 21 US healthcare systems who were discharged alive between February 2020 and November 2021. Generalized linear mixed regression analyses tested predictors of 60-day readmission and severity.

A machine learning analysis of correlates of mortality among patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

It is vital to determine how patient characteristics that precede COVID-19 illness relate to COVID-19 mortality. This is a retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 across 21 healthcare systems in the US. All patients (N = 145,944) had COVID-19 diagnoses and/or positive PCR tests and completed their hospital stays from February 1, 2020 through January 31, 2022.

The Relationship of COVID-19 Vaccination with Mortality Among 86,732 Hospitalized Patients: Subpopulations, Patient Factors, and Changes over Time.

Background: Information on COVID-19 vaccination effects on mortality among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 could inform vaccination outreach efforts and increase understanding of patient risk.

Objective: Determine the associations of vaccination status with mortality in adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

Design: This retrospective cohort study assessed the characteristics and mortality rates of adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 across 21 healthcare systems in the USA from January 1, 2021, to January 31, 2022.

Synoptic reporting accuracy for computed tomography pulmonary arteriography among patients suspected of pulmonary embolism.

Background: Structured reporting is an efficient and replicable method of presenting diagnostic results that eliminates variability inherent in narrative descriptive reporting and may improve clinical decisions. Synoptic element reporting can generate discrete coded data that then may inform clinical decision support and trigger downstream actions in computerized electronic health records.

Objective: Limited evidence exists for use of synoptic reporting for computed tomography pulmonary arteriography (CTPA) among patients suspected of pulmonary embolism.

The first 20 months of the COVID-19 pandemic: Mortality, intubation and ICU rates among 104,590 patients hospitalized at 21 United States health systems.

Main Objective: There is limited information on how patient outcomes have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study characterizes changes in mortality, intubation, and ICU admission rates during the first 20 months of the pandemic.

Study Design And Methods: University of Wisconsin researchers collected and harmonized electronic health record data from 1.

The Bucket Approach: Developing and Implementing an On-line Training Program in Tobacco Dependence Interventions Tailored for Behavioral Health Clinicians.

People coping with a mental illness and/or addictive disorders have a very high prevalence of smoking cigarettes. The Bucket Approach, a free online training, tailors evidence-based tobacco dependence interventions for behavioral health clinicians to increase the likelihood that they will also address the tobacco use of their patients. From October 2019 through August 2021, 999 people enrolled in and 447 people completed the training.

Relations of Current and Past Cancer with Severe Outcomes among 104,590 Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: The COVID EHR Cohort at the University of Wisconsin.

Background: There is mixed evidence about the relations of current versus past cancer with severe COVID-19 outcomes and how they vary by patient and cancer characteristics.

Methods: Electronic health record data of 104,590 adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were obtained from 21 United States health systems from February 2020 through September 2021. In-hospital mortality and ICU admission were predicted from current and past cancer diagnoses.

CheXED: Comparison of a Deep Learning Model to a Clinical Decision Support System for Pneumonia in the Emergency Department.

Purpose: Patients with pneumonia often present to the emergency department (ED) and require prompt diagnosis and treatment. Clinical decision support systems for the diagnosis and management of pneumonia are commonly utilized in EDs to improve patient care. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a deep learning model for detecting radiographic pneumonia and pleural effusions can improve functionality of a clinical decision support system (CDSS) for pneumonia management (ePNa) operating in 20 EDs.

The HUD smoke-free rule: Perceptions of residents post-implementation.

In July 2018, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) implemented a new Public health Agency rule prohibiting the use of tobacco in and within 25 feet of HUD housing.

Initial Outcomes of a Lung Cancer Screening Program in an Integrated Community Health System.

Purpose: Lung cancer screening with low-dose CT (LDCT) demonstrated reduced mortality in the National Lung Screening Trial, yet there is debate as to whether the reported efficacy can translate into comparable effectiveness with community-based screening. The authors' purpose is to report the baseline patient characteristics and malignancy rate in the first 18 months after implementing a lung cancer screening program in an integrated community health system.

Methods: Patients were screened at 1 of 10 participating community-based centers within a 22-hospital system from 2013 to 2015.

Follow-up of Incidental Pulmonary Nodules and the Radiology Report.

Purpose: Incidental pulmonary nodules that require follow-up are often noted on chest CT. Evidence-based guidelines regarding appropriate follow-up have been published, but the rate of adherence to guideline recommendations is unknown. Furthermore, it is unknown whether the radiology report affects the nodule follow-up rate.

Cleared for takeoff: The effects of hypobaric conditions on traumatic pneumothoraces.

Background: Current guidelines suggest that traumatic pneumothorax (tPTX) is a contraindication to commercial airline travel, and patients should wait at least 2 weeks after radiographic resolution of tPTX to fly. This recommendation is not based on prospective, physiologic study. We hypothesized that despite having a radiographic increase in pneumothorax size while at simulated altitude, patients with a recently treated tPTX would not exhibit any adverse physiologic changes and would not report any symptoms of cardiorespiratory compromise.

Follow-up of incidental pulmonary nodules and the radiology report.

Purpose: Incidental pulmonary nodules that require follow-up are often noted on chest CT. Evidence-based guidelines regarding appropriate follow-up have been published, but the rate of adherence to guideline recommendations is unknown. Furthermore, it is unknown whether the radiology report affects the nodule follow-up rate.

Adherence to PIOPED II investigators' recommendations for computed tomography pulmonary angiography.

Background: Computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiography use has increased dramatically, raising concerns for patient safety. Adherence to recommendations and guidelines may protect patients. We measured adherence to the recommendations of Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PIOPED II) investigators for evaluation of suspected pulmonary embolism and the rate of potential false-positive pulmonary embolism diagnoses when recommendations of PIOPED II investigators were not followed.

Radiation and chest CT scan examinations: what do we know?

In the past 3 decades, the total number of CT scans performed has grown exponentially. In 2007, > 70 million CT scans were performed in the United States. CT scan studies of the chest comprise a large portion of the CT scans performed today because the technology has transformed the management of common chest diseases, including pulmonary embolism and coronary artery disease.