Ultrashort Echo Time Magnetic Resonance Morphology of Discovertebral Junction in Chronic Low Back Pain Subjects.

Chronic low back pain (LBP) has been associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, but its association with abnormal morphology at the discovertebral junction (DVJ) is unclear. The goal of this study was to evaluate the DVJ morphology in asymptomatic (Asx) and symptomatic (Sx) subjects for LBP using ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI. We recruited 42 subjects (12 Asx and 32 Sx).

First-in-human study of epidural spinal cord stimulation in individuals with spinal muscular atrophy.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease causing motoneuron dysfunction, muscle weakness, fatigue and early mortality. Three new therapies can slow disease progression, enabling people to survive albeit with lingering motor impairments. Indeed, weakness and fatigue are still among patients' main concerns.

Gelatin nanofibers coated with hyaluronic acid as a mesenchymal stromal cell scaffold for corneal regeneration.

Electrospun gelatin nanofibers coated with hyaluronic acid (GelNF-HA) were synthesized as a scaffold for delivering human corneal mesenchymal stromal cells (C-MSCs) directly to deep corneal injuries. Aligned GelNFs were produced by electrospinning, crosslinked using vapor of glutaraldehyde, coated with HA, and crosslinked with EDC/NHS. The GelNF-HA was characterized by SEM, mechanical, and optical properties.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Acute Elbow and Forearm Pain.

Acute elbow pain can be the result of traumatic and atraumatic processes. Pathologic processes include osseous, ligamentous, and tendinous etiologies. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel.

Gender Swap in Virtual Reality for Supporting Inclusion and Implications in the Workplace.

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONSWe explored the potential impacts of a virtual gender swap on perceptions toward sexual harassment, which is a harmful behavior that lacks respect and inclusivity. Given that perceptions of harassing behaviors can vary, and that gender may influence one's interpretation of such behaviors, we implemented gender swap in virtual reality (VR) to examine changes in sensitivity to harassment across genders. Participants reported harassing behaviors as more inappropriate when embodying female avatars, regardless of their own gender.

Taldefgrobep Alfa and the Phase 3 RESILIENT Trial in Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare, genetic neurodegenerative disorder caused by insufficient production of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. Diminished SMN protein levels lead to motor neuron loss, causing muscle atrophy and weakness that impairs daily functioning and reduces quality of life. SMN upregulators offer clinical improvements and increased survival in SMA patients, although significant unmet needs remain.

Ultrashort-Echo-Time MRI of the Disco-Vertebral Junction: Modulation of Image Contrast via Echo Subtraction and Echo Times.

Introduction: The disco-vertebral junction (DVJ) of the lumbar spine contains thin structures with short T2 values, including the cartilaginous endplate (CEP) sandwiched between the bony vertebral endplate (VEP) and the nucleus pulposus (NP). We previously demonstrated that ultrashort-echo-time (UTE) MRI, compared to conventional MRI, is able to depict the tissues at the DVJ with improved contrast. In this study, we sought to further optimize UTE MRI by characterizing the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of these tissues when either single echo or echo subtraction images are used and with varying echo times (TEs).

Management of pediatric pial arteriovenous fistulas with a single connection: two illustrative cases.

Pediatric arteriovenous fistulas (PAVFs) are rare, representing only 7.3-17.2% of all pediatric shunts.

Robot-related injuries in the workplace: An analysis of OSHA Severe Injury Reports.

Industrial robots are increasingly commonplace, but research on prototypical accidents and injuries has been sparse, hindering evidence-based safety strategies. Using Severe Injury Reports (SIRs) from the U.S.

Nonsexual Genital Ulcers Secondary to Epstein-Barr Virus in a Pediatric Patient.

This case report focuses on a rare presentation of Epstein-Barr virus as genital ulcers in a 14-year-old girl with no sexual activity history. Despite initial misdiagnosis and failed acyclovir treatment, investigations ruled out sexually transmitted causes but revealed elevated Epstein-Barr virus antibodies. Subsequent treatment with a 14-day prednisone course led to significant improvement.

Scalable Total Synthesis of (+)-Desmethylxestospongin B.

Herein, the execution of synthetic strategies solving scalability issues observed in the original route is reported, increasing the total yield by 50% compared to the previously disclosed synthesis. A notable restructuring of the route's initial steps to reach a common allylic alcohol intermediate employs a highly stereoselective epoxidation method and avoids superfluous protecting group manipulations while limiting dependence on kinetic resolution in establishing stereochemistry for four of the six chiral centers in (+)-desmethylxestospongin B. Different protecting group strategies to avoid problems with their subsequent removal were considered and enacted; to this end, material was retained as byproducts were suppressed.

Changes in inpatient brain arteriovenous malformation management in the United States following the ARUBA trial: analysis of an interrupted time series design.

The November 2013 online publication of ARUBA, the first multi-institutional randomized controlled trial for unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), has sparked over 100 publications in protracted debates METHODS: This study sought to examine inpatient management patterns of brain AVMs from 2009 to 2016 and observe if changes in U.S. inpatient management were attributable to the ARUBA publication using interrupted time series of brain AVM studies from the National Inpatient Sample data 2009-2016.

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Symptom Management in Older Individuals with HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder.

The growing number of people aging with HIV represents a group vulnerable to the symptom burdens of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Among younger groups, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has been shown to help people living with HIV manage HIV-related and other life stress, and although there is some theoretical and empirical evidence that it may be effective among those with cognitive deficits, the approach has not been studied in older populations with HAND. Participants (n = 180) 55 years or older with HIV and cognitive impairment were randomly assigned to either an 8-week MBSR arm or a waitlist control.

Electrospun Nanofiber Membrane for Cultured Corneal Endothelial Cell Transplantation.

The corneal endothelium, comprising densely packed corneal endothelial cells (CECs) adhering to Descemet's membrane (DM), plays a critical role in maintaining corneal transparency by regulating water and ion movement. CECs have limited regenerative capacity within the body, and globally, there is a shortage of donor corneas to replace damaged corneal endothelia. The development of a carrier for cultured CECs may address this worldwide clinical need.

Spontaneous thrombosis of high flow pediatric arteriovenous fistulae: Case series of two patients and a comprehensive literature review.

Pediatric pial arteriovenous shunts in the brain and spine are challenging to understand because of low incidence, variable presentation, and associations with genetic syndromes. What is known about their natural history comes from reviews of small series. To better understand the natural history and role for intervention, two cases are presented followed by a review of the literature.

Artificial Intelligence Improves Patient Follow-Up in a Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program.

Purpose: We examine the rate of and reasons for follow-up in an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based workflow for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening relative to two human-based workflows.

Patients And Methods: A DR screening program initiated September 2019 between one institution and its affiliated primary care and endocrinology clinics screened 2243 adult patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes without a diagnosis of DR in the previous year in the San Francisco Bay Area. For patients who screened positive for more-than-mild-DR (MTMDR), rates of follow-up were calculated under a store-and-forward human-based DR workflow ("Human Workflow"), an AI-based workflow involving IDx-DR ("AI Workflow"), and a two-step hybrid workflow ("AI-Human Hybrid Workflow").

Severity of Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease and Late Effects Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Adults with Hematologic Malignancy.

The study aimed to determine the association of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) diagnosis and severity with the development of subsequent neoplasms (SN) and nonmalignant late effects (NM-LE) in 2-year disease-free adult survivors following hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for a hematologic malignancy. To do so, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 3884 survivors of HCT for hematologic malignancy in the Center of International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research database. We conducted a landmark analysis at the 2-year post-transplantation date, comparing first SN and NM-LE in survivors with and without cGVHD.

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: a CIBMTR analysis.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare hematological malignancy with a poor prognosis and considered incurable with conventional chemotherapy. Small observational studies reported allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) offers durable remissions in patients with BPDCN. We report an analysis of patients with BPDCN who received an allo-HCT, using data reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR).

Pilot Study of Donor-Engrafted Clonal Hematopoiesis Evolution and Clinical Outcomes in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients Using a National Registry.

Improved treatment options, such as reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC), enable older patients to receive potentially curative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). This progress has led to increased use of older HLA-matched sibling donors. An unintended potential risk associated with older donors is transplantation of donor cells with clonal hematopoiesis (CH) into patients.

Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Long-Term Outcomes in ≥1 Year Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Survivors: A CIBMTR Analysis.

Racial/ethnic minorities have demonstrated worse survival after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) compared to whites. Whether the racial disparity in HCT outcomes persists in long-term survivors and possibly may be even exacerbated in this population, which frequently transitions back from the transplant center to their local healthcare providers, is unknown. In the current study, we compared long-term outcomes among 1-year allogeneic HCT survivors by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES).

AI-Human Hybrid Workflow Enhances Teleophthalmology for the Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Objective: Detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR) outside of specialized eye care settings is an important means of access to vision-preserving health maintenance. Remote interpretation of fundus photographs acquired in a primary care or other nonophthalmic setting in a store-and-forward manner is a predominant paradigm of teleophthalmology screening programs. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based image interpretation offers an alternative means of DR detection.