A simulation framework to determine optimal strength training and musculoskeletal geometry for sprinting and distance running.

Musculoskeletal geometry and muscle volumes vary widely in the population and are intricately linked to the performance of tasks ranging from walking and running to jumping and sprinting. As an alternative to experimental approaches, where it is difficult to isolate factors and establish causal relationships, simulations can be used to independently vary musculoskeletal geometry and muscle volumes, and develop a fundamental understanding. However, our ability to understand how these parameters affect task performance has been limited due to the high computational cost of modelling the necessary complexity of the musculoskeletal system and solving the requisite multi-dimensional optimization problem.

Extracellular stability of nanoparticulate drug carriers.

Nanoparticulate (NP) drug carrier systems are attractive vehicles for selective drug delivery to solid tumors. Ideally, NPs should evade clearance by the reticuloendothelial system while maintaining the ability to interact with tumor cells and facilitate cellular uptake. Great effort has been made to fulfill these design criteria, yielding various types of functionalized NPs.

Zwitterionic chitosan-polyamidoamine dendrimer complex nanoparticles as a pH-sensitive drug carrier.

Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers have been widely explored as carriers of therapeutics and imaging agents. However, amine-terminated PAMAM dendrimers are rarely utilized in systemic applications due to their cytotoxicity and risk of opsonization, caused by their cationic charges. Such undesirable effects may be mitigated by shielding the PAMAM dendrimer surface with polymers that reduce the charges.

Nanoparticle characterization: state of the art, challenges, and emerging technologies.

Nanoparticles have received enormous attention as a promising tool to enhance target-specific drug delivery and diagnosis. Various in vitro and in vivo techniques are used to characterize a new system and predict its clinical efficacy. These techniques enable efficient comparison across nanoparticles and facilitate a product optimization process.