Benefits and harms of non-surgical and non-pharmacological management of osteoporotic vertebral fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Osteoporotic vertebral fractures affect a large number of older adults OBJECTIVES: Systematically review evidence of the benefits and harms of non-surgical and non-pharmacological management of people with osteoporotic vertebral fractures compared with standard care (control); and evaluate the benefits and harms of non-surgical and non-pharmacological management of people with osteoporotic vertebral fractures compared with an alternative non-pharmacological, non-invasive intervention.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Five electronic databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PUBMED, and COCHRANE) were searched.

Effects of exercise on bone density and falls risk factors in post-menopausal women with osteopenia: a randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of an exercise program for post-menopausal women with osteopenia undertaken in community exercise facilities.

Design: Randomised, single-blind controlled trial.

Methods: Thirty-nine community volunteers with hip osteopenia and not taking bone-enhancing medication were randomly allocated to an exercise (EX) or control (CON) group.