Meal timing across the day modulates daily energy intake in adult patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background/objectives: We assessed the association between the timing of meals across the day with diet composition and metabolic parameters in patients with type-2 diabetes (T2D).

Subjects/methods: Eighty adults (55.2 ± 6.

Zinc absorption and zinc status are reduced after either sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in premenopausal women with severe obesity studied prospectively over 24 postoperative months.

Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) is known to reduce zinc absorption; the effects of vertical sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and its long-term implications on zinc absorption have not yet been studied.

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the effects of SG and RYGBP on zinc absorption and zinc status in premenopausal women with severe obesity up to 24 mo after surgery.

Methods: Twenty-six premenopausal women undergoing SG [BMI (in kg/m2): 37.

Fatty acid desaturation in red blood cell membranes of patients with type 2 diabetes is improved by zinc supplementation.

Background/objective: Membrane flexibility can be a determining factor in pathophysiological mechanisms of type 2 diabetes (T2D). As a cofactor of delta-5 desaturase (D5D) and delta-6 desaturase (D6D), and gene expression regulator, zinc may play a role modulating membrane flexibility by increasing membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) abundance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 24-month zinc supplementation (30 mg elemental zinc) on membrane fatty acid composition in patients with T2D.

Nutritional Effects of Zinc on Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes: Mechanisms and Main Findings in Human Studies.

Zinc (Zn) plays crucial roles in mammalian metabolism. There is increasing interest about the potential beneficial effects of Zn on the prevention or treatment of non-communicable diseases. This review critically analyzes the information related to the role of Zn on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) as well as type 2 diabetes (T2D), and summarizes the biological basis of these potential effects of Zn.

Calcium absorption may be affected after either sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in premenopausal women: a 2-y prospective study.

Background: Although Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) is known to reduce calcium absorption (CA), the effects of vertical sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and its long-term implications on CA have not yet been studied.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in CA and its relation with modifications of bone mineral density (BMD), intakes of calcium and vitamin D, vitamin D status, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations ≤24 mo after SG and RYGBP, respectively.

Design: Twenty-six premenopausal women undergoing SG [mean ± SD body mass index (BMI; kg/m2): 37.

Association between zinc nutritional status and glycemic control in individuals with well-controlled type-2 diabetes.

Background/objective: Interest in healthy properties of food and nutrients as co-adjuvant in type-2 diabetes therapy has increased in recent years. Zinc supplementation trials have shown improvements in glycemic control in these patients, although it seems dependent on zinc status of the individuals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between zinc nutritional status and glucose homeostasis in patients with type-2 diabetes.

Zinc Supplementation Does Not Affect Glucagon Response to Intravenous Glucose and Insulin Infusion in Patients with Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes.

Glucagon dysregulation is an essential component in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Studies in vitro and in animal models have shown that zinc co-secreted with insulin suppresses glucagon secretion. Zinc supplementation improves blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes, although there is little information about how zinc supplementation may affect glucagon secretion.

[Effect of meal frequency and carbohydrate intake on the metabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Background: Increasing meal frequency is commonly used in the clinical practice as part of the nutritional treatment of patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2), although its effect on metabolic control parameters is controversial.

Aim: To evaluate the association of energy intake, meal frequency, and amount of carbohydrates with fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in a group of patients with DM2 without insulin therapy.

Material And Methods: Dietary intake was evaluated in 60 subjects with DM2 through three-day food records.

[IMPACT OF DIETARY FATTY ACIDS ON LIPID PROFILE, INSULIN SENSITIVITY AND FUNCTIONALITY OF PANCREATIC β CELLS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC SUBJECTS].

Introduction: the quality of fats could influence the metabolic control of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2).

Objectives: to determine the relationship between intake and quality of dietary fatty acids to lipid profile, metabolic control, functionality of pancreatic cells and insulin sensivity in subjects with DM2.

Methods: we studied 54 subjects with DM2, anthropometric measurements were performed, body composition and dietary lipid intake, saturated fatty acids (SFA), trans, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, omega 3, omega 6 and dietary cholesterol.

Micronutrient Deficiencies in Morbidly Obese Women Prior to Bariatric Surgery.

Background: Although morbid obesity is related to excess of energy and macronutrient intake, it does not rule out the presence of micronutrient deficiencies. The aim of this study was to evaluate food intake and the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in a group of morbidly obese women seeking bariatric surgery.

Methods: A total of 103 morbidly obese women were studied prior to bariatric surgery.

Changes in bone mineral density after sleeve gastrectomy or gastric bypass: relationships with variations in vitamin D, ghrelin, and adiponectin levels.

Background: A major long-term concern after gastric bypass (GBP) is the risk of osteoporosis; however, little is known about this complication in patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy (SG).

Objective: To evaluate changes in bone mineral density (BMD) after GBP and SG, and its relationship with changes in vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), ghrelin, and adiponectin.

Methods: Twenty-three women undergoing GBP (BMI 42.

Zinc as a potential coadjuvant in therapy for type 2 diabetes.

Background: Type 2 diabetes is highly prevalent in populations having high rates of overweight and obesity. It is a chronic condition responsible for long-term severe dysfunction of several organs, including the kidneys, heart, blood vessels, and eyes. Although there are a number of pharmacologic products in the market to treat insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion--the most prominent features of this disease--interventions directed at preserving the integrity and function of beta-cells in the long term are less available.

Heme- and nonheme-iron absorption and iron status 12 mo after sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in morbidly obese women.

Background: The effect of bariatric surgery on iron absorption is only partially known.

Objective: The objective was to study the effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) on heme- and nonheme-iron absorption and iron status.

Design: Fifty-eight menstruating women were enrolled in this prospective study [mean (±SD) age: 35.

Changes in ghrelin concentrations one year after resective and non-resective gastric bypass: associations with weight loss and energy and macronutrient intakes.

Objective: Ghrelin is a potent stimulator of appetite and synthesized in the stomach. Its role in weight loss after gastric bypass (GBP) is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between weight loss and food intake and between weight loss and changes in serum ghrelin concentrations 1 y after GBP with resection of the bypassed stomach (R-GBP) and without resection (NR-GBP).

[Quality of the diet of women with severe and morbid obesity undergoing gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy].

The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes of dietary intake and quality of the diet in patients undergoing gastric bypass and sleeve surgery. In 36 women with severe and morbid obesity it was assessed their nutrient intakes and dietary quality before and 6 months after bariatric surgery through three-day food records. Vitamin and mineral intakes from supplements were strictly controlled.

Zinc absorption and zinc status are reduced after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a randomized study using 2 supplements.

Background: Micronutrient deficiencies are common in patients undergoing gastric bypass. The effect of this type of surgery on zinc absorption and zinc status is not well known.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) on zinc status and zinc absorption at different stages after surgery.

Trace element status and inflammation parameters after 6 months of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Background: Knowledge about the practical consequences of the nutritional status of Fe, Zn, and Cu and inflammation in obesity is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes on trace element status and their potential associations with selected inflammation parameters in patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP).

Methods: Sixty-three women (mean age, 36.

Iron absorption and iron status are reduced after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Background: Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are common in patients who undergo gastric bypass. The magnitude of change in iron absorption is not well known.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) on iron status and iron absorption at different stages after surgery.

[Evolution and quality of the diet of women with severe and morbid obesity undergoing gastric bypass].

Evolution and quality of the diet of women with severe and morbid obesity undergoing gastric bypass. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes of dietary intake and quality of the diet in patients undergoing gastric bypass. In forty-four women with severe and morbid obesity it was assessed their nutrient intakes before and 6, 12, and 18 months after gastric bypass by using three-day food records.

Changes in bone mineral density, body composition and adiponectin levels in morbidly obese patients after bariatric surgery.

Background: Gastric bypass surgery (GBP) is increasingly used as a treatment option in morbid obesity. Little is known about the effects of this surgery on bone mineral density (BMD) and the underlying mechanisms. To evaluate changes on BMD after GBP and its relation with changes in body composition and serum adiponectin, a longitudinal study in morbid obese subjects was conducted.