Distal Radius Fracture in the Setting of Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Management and Adverse Events.

Purpose: Previous research has highlighted the elevated fracture risk among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The current study assesses the association between HIV and the management and adverse events of distal radius fractures.

Methods: Patients with a distal radius fracture from 2016 to 2022 were identified in a national administrative database.

A rare presentation of Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease with central nervous system involvement and cutaneous wounds.

Objective: The aim of this case report is to investigate an uncommon presentation of Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes (RDD) disease, and discuss possible differential diagnoses and treatment options for this pathology. RDD is a rare disorder of histiocytes that typically presents in patients as painless cervical lymphadenopathy. However, this case involves a patient with the central nervous system (CNS) type of RDD who later developed cutaneous lesions.

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome in the Pediatric and Young Adult Population.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess both nonsurgical and operative treatment outcomes of pediatric and young adult patients with thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) at a tertiary care pediatric hospital.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with TOS, who were seen between January 2010 and August 2022 at a tertiary care pediatric hospital, was conducted. Collected pre- and postoperative data included symptoms, provocative testing (ie, Roo's, Wright's, and Adson's tests), participation in sports or upper-extremity activities, additional operations, and surgical complications.

Early Post-Natal Immune Activation Leads to Object Memory Deficits in Female Mice: The Importance of Including Both Sexes in Neuroscience Research.

There is evidence that viral infections during pre-natal development constitute a risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders and lead to learning and memory deficits. However, little is known about why viral infections during early post-natal development have a different impact on learning and memory depending on the sex of the subject. We previously showed that early post-natal immune activation induces hippocampal-dependent social memory deficits in a male, but not in a female, mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC; mice).

Management of Radiation-induced Tissue Injuries: A Review of Current Treatment Strategies.

Unlabelled: Although radiation therapy remains an integral component in cancer treatment, the sequela of tissue damage can result in long-term morbidity and mortality for patients. This article aimed to perform a comprehensive review of the current literature for both nonsurgical and surgical management strategies for radiation-induced injuries.

Methods: A literature search was performed on PubMed to review the current described management and treatment options for radiation-induced injuries.

Role of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Cosmetic and Reconstructive Surgery in Ischemic Soft Tissue Wounds: A Case Series.

Background: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is an effective primary and adjunctive treatment for a wide spectrum of conditions, ranging from carbon monoxide poisoning to nonhealing wounds. Although HBOT has been shown to improve morbidity and mortality rates when used as adjunctive therapy for compromised skin wounds, the strategy is still underutilized in practice, especially in the field of cosmetic and plastic reconstructive surgery.

Methods: Here we present 4 cases in which adjunctive HBOT was used to treat ischemic soft tissue wounds following facial fillers injectables, abdominoplasty, and compromise cutaneous flap after Mohs surgery reconstruction.

Purse-String Suture Technique in Reducing Surgical Defect Size.

What is the purse-string suture (PSS) technique?When should this technique be used?What are the benefits and risks of the PSS technique?What are other clinical applications of the PSS technique in plastic reconstructive surgery?

Adenosine, Schizophrenia and Cancer: Does the Purinergic System Offer a Pathway to Treatment?

For over a century, a complex relationship between schizophrenia diagnosis and development of many cancers has been observed. Findings from epidemiological studies are mixed, with reports of increased, reduced, or no difference in cancer incidence in schizophrenia patients. However, as risk factors for cancer, including elevated smoking rates and substance abuse, are commonly associated with this patient population, it is surprising that cancer incidence is not higher.

Role of Type I Interferon Signaling and Microglia in the Abnormal Long-term Potentiation and Object Place Recognition Deficits of Male Mice With a Mutation of the Tuberous Sclerosis 2 Gene.

Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex is a genetic disorder associated with high rates of intellectual disability and autism. Mice with a heterozygous null mutation of the gene () show deficits in hippocampal-dependent tasks and abnormal long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal CA1 region. Although previous studies focused on the role of neuronal deficits in the memory phenotypes of rodent models of tuberous sclerosis complex, the results presented here demonstrate a role for microglia in these deficits.

The Multispecialty Toxin: A Literature Review of Botulinum Toxin.

Unlabelled: Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is a potent biological exotoxin produced from . Although it was first used therapeutically to treat strabismus, its clinical role has since expanded rapidly over the years to include treatment of a variety of head and neck, gastrointestinal, urogenital, musculoskeletal, neurological, dermatological, and cosmetic disorders. The main purpose of this review is to provide a brief updated overview of the history, mechanism of action, and clinical applications of BoNT therapy across multiple medical specialties, including the most common adverse effects and recommended Botox dosages.

Postnatal immune activation causes social deficits in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis: Role of microglia and clinical implications.

There is growing evidence that prenatal immune activation contributes to neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we show that early postnatal immune activation resulted in profound impairments in social behavior, including in social memory in adult male mice heterozygous for a gene responsible for tuberous sclerosis complex (), a genetic disorder with high prevalence of autism. Early postnatal immune activation did not affect either wild-type or female mice.

Rituximab-induced interstitial lung disease: five case reports.

Rituximab (RTX), a mouse/human chimeric anti-CD20 IgG1 monoclonal antibody has been effectively used as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy regimen to treat lymphoma since 1997. In addition, it has been used to treat idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, systemic lupus erythematous, rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Recently, RTX has also been suggested for the treatment of certain connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung diseases (ILD) and hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Results of the Randomized Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial with Focus on High-Risk Profiling.

Rationale: As of April 2015, participants in the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial had been followed for at least 5 years since their last screening.

Objectives: Mortality, causes of death, and lung cancer findings are reported to explore the effect of computed tomography (CT) screening.

Methods: A total of 4,104 participants aged 50-70 years at the time of inclusion and with a minimum 20 pack-years of smoking were randomized to have five annual low-dose CT scans (study group) or no screening (control group).

[Lung cancer screening with low-dose CT - Danish and international results].

Lung cancer is the cancer type that causes the largest number of deaths in Denmark. With advances in medical imaging and widespread use of computed tomography (CT), it is possible to detect even small abnormalities in lung tissue. This has led to a great interest in lung cancer screening with low-dose CT and launching of randomised screening trials worldwide.

[Lung cancer screening with low dose CT requires careful consideration].

Results from the American National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) show a significant reduction in lung cancer and all-cause mortality in a high risk population screened with annual low-dose CT. Handling of pulmonary nodules, false positive tests, overdiagnosis, psychosocial consequences and cost-efficiency etc. are all aspects that require careful consideration.

CT screening for lung cancer brings forward early disease. The randomised Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial: status after five annual screening rounds with low-dose CT.

Background: The effects of low-dose CT screening on disease stage shift, mortality and overdiagnosis are unclear. Lung cancer findings and mortality rates are reported at the end of screening in the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial.

Methods: 4104 men and women, healthy heavy smokers/former smokers were randomised to five annual low-dose CT screenings or no screening.

A relationship-based intervention to improve social connectedness in street-involved youth: a pilot study.

Problem: Street-involved youth experience a range of mental health problems with elevated rates of psychiatric disorders compared with non-homeless youth. The overall objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the impact of a relationship-based intervention for homeless youth receiving services from agencies in downtown Toronto.

Methods: The final sample included 15 homeless youth who met the study inclusion criteria.

Clinical impact of endoscopic ultrasound-fine needle aspiration of left adrenal masses in established or suspected lung cancer.

Introduction: Correct lung cancer staging is pivotal for optimal allocation to surgical and nonsurgical treatment. A left adrenal gland (LAG) mass is found in 5 to 16%, and malignancy preclude surgery. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is superior to other imaging procedures in visualizing LAG, but the impact of EUS-fine needle aspiration (FNA) on tumor, node, metastasis (TNM)-staging, treatment, and survival is unknown.

Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement reduces atelectasis in cardiac intensive care.

Objective: Respiratory failure is a major complication after cardiac surgery. The purpose was to evaluate the impact of minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (mini AVR) on the occurrence of left lower lobe atelectasis (LLLA) in the cardiac intensive care unit (ICU).

Patients And Methods: 98 patients were scheduled to undergo mini AVR.

The Danish randomized lung cancer CT screening trial--overall design and results of the prevalence round.

Introduction: Lung cancer screening with low dose computed tomography (CT) has not yet been evaluated in randomized clinical trials, although several are underway.

Methods: In The Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial, 4104 smokers and previous smokers from 2004 to 2006 were randomized to either screening with annual low dose CT scans for 5 years or no screening. A history of cigarette smoking of at least 20 pack years was required.

[Chronic pulmonary alterations in children with long-lasting productive cough].

A productive (sounding) cough is always abnormal, and suppurative lung disease should be considered. A chronic suppurative cough may be associated with the destruction of the bronchial wall (bronchiectasis). The most commonly identifiable cause of suppurative cough is cystic fibrosis.

The extent of emphysema in patients with COPD.

Background And Aims: The global initiative for COPD (GOLD) adopted the degree of airway obstruction as a measure of the severity of the disease. The objective of this study was to apply CT to assess the extent of emphysema in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and relate this extent to the GOLD stage of airway obstruction.

Materials And Methods: We included 209 patients with COPD.