Pleuroperitoneal Hernia in an Adult Patient.

Introduction: Pleuroperitoneal hernia is the most frequent diaphragmatic congenital hernia, appearing in 1 in 3,000 births. This diaphragmatic defect is located on the left side in 80% to 90% of cases. Pleuroperitoneal hernia is usually diagnosed in the first 8 weeks of life due to respiratory compromise caused by the herniation of abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity; therefore, adult presentation is a rare condition.

[Methods for handling incomplete data in health research: a critical look].

Objective: To illustrate methods for handling incomplete data in health research.

Methods: Two strategies for handling missing data are presented: complete-case analysis and imputations. The imputations used were mean imputations, regression imputations, and multiple imputations.

[Factors associated with stages of behavior change in Cuban smokers].

Objective: To describe the distribution of Cuban smokers in the first two stages of the process of behavior change (precontemplation (that is, no desire to quit smoking) and contemplation (thinking about quitting)), the characteristics of these smokers, and the relationship between these characteristics and some variables of interest.

Methods: The First National Survey of Risk Factors and Chronic Non-communicable Disease Prevention Activities was carried out in Cuba in 1996. As a part of that Survey, a probability sample was selected using three-stage clustering, with stratification of the primary units, which were the census districts in the 14 provinces and 169 municipalities that make up the country.