CandyCollect: An Open-Microfluidic Device for the Direct Capture and Enumeration of Salivary-Extracellular Vesicles.

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are membrane-derived vesicles shed by cells into the extracellular space that play key roles in intercellular communication and other biological processes. As membrane-bound cargos of nucleic acids and other proteins that are abundantly found in virtually every biofluid including blood, urine, and saliva, EVs are widely regarded as promising biomarkers for disease detection. While it is an increasingly promising biofluid from which to isolate EVs, saliva poses challenges due its complexity and heterogeneity-cells, debris, and other proteins can inhibit the isolation of EVs by traditional platforms.

Association of insurance type with unmet need for menopause care in Oregon.

Objective: To determine unmet need for menopause care in Oregon and evaluate if insurance type is associated with receipt of care.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of patients using an Oregon Listserv. Our primary outcome was use of medication for the treatment of moderate or severe symptoms of menopause.

Your Blood is Out for Delivery: Considerations of Shipping Time and Temperature on Degradation of RNA from Stabilized Whole Blood.

Remote research studies are an invaluable tool for reaching populations in geographical regions with limited access to large medical centers or universities. To expand the remote study toolkit, we have previously developed homeRNA, which allows for at-home self-collection and stabilization of blood and demonstrated the feasibility of using homeRNA in high temperature climates. Here, we expand upon this work through a systematic study exploring the effects of high temperature on RNA integrity through in-lab and field experiments.

Design and implementation of community consultation for research conducted under exception from informed consent regulations for the PreVent and the PreVent 2 trials: Changes over time and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Emergency clinical research has played an important role in improving outcomes for acutely ill patients. This is due in part to regulatory measures that allow (EFIC) trials. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires sponsor-investigators to engage in community consultation and public disclosure activities prior to initiating an trial.

Employee perceptions of race and racism in an Australian hospital.

Background: Racism contributes to health inequities faced by people of colour and marginalised groups. Despite widespread recognition of the impacts of racism, mitigating strategies and legislation have been largely unsuccessful. Research into racism in healthcare has mostly examined personal experiences of healthcare workers and patients, assuming that the definitions of racism and race are similarly understood by all.

Randomized feasibility trial of remote ischemic conditioning to enhance resuscitation (RICE).

Rationale: Restoration of blood flow after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with inflammation that causes cellular injury. The extent of this reperfusion injury (RI) is associated with the duration of ischemia and adequacy of resuscitation. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) consists of repeated application of non-lethal ischemia then reperfusion to a limb distal to the heart by inflating a blood pressure (BP) cuff.

At-home saliva sampling in healthy adults using CandyCollect, a lollipop-inspired device.

Respiratory infections are common in children, and there is a need for user-friendly collection methods. Here, we performed the first human subjects study using the CandyCollect device, a lollipop inspired saliva collection device. We showed the CandyCollect device can be used to collect salivary bacteria from healthy adults using and as proof-of-concept commensal bacteria.

'Maybe what I do know is wrong…': Reframing educator roles and professional development for teaching Indigenous health.

Settler colonisation continues to cause much damage across the globe. It has particularly impacted negatively on Indigenous peoples' health and wellbeing causing great inequity. Health professional education is a critical vehicle to assist in addressing this; however, non-Indigenous educators often feel unprepared and lack skill in this regard.

Much being Written about Us, not much being Written with Us: Examining how alcohol and other drug use by indigenous Australians is portrayed in Australian Government policies and strategies: A discourse analysis.

Background: Using critical discourse analysis, this study examined the portrayal of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australian Government policies regarding alcohol and other drug (AOD) use.

Methods: We used critical discourse analysis, informed by an Indigenous Research Paradigm, to analyse texts and contexts of six key Australian Government AOD drug policies; two Aboriginal AOD data documents, two reporting documents and two AOD strategy documents.

Results: The social practice analysis found issues of power imbalance relating to the socio-political situation the documents were created in.

At-home blood collection and stabilization in high temperature climates using RNA.

Expanding whole blood sample collection for transcriptome analysis beyond traditional phlebotomy clinics will open new frontiers for remote immune research and telemedicine. Determining the stability of RNA in blood samples exposed to high ambient temperatures (>30°C) is necessary for deploying home-sampling in settings with elevated temperatures (e.g.

CandyCollect: at-home saliva sampling for capture of respiratory pathogens.

is a major human-specific bacterial pathogen and a common cause of a wide range of symptoms from mild infection such as pharyngitis (commonly called strep throat) to life-threatening invasive infection and post-infectious sequelae. Traditional methods for diagnosis include collecting a sample using a pharyngeal swab, which can cause discomfort and even discourage adults and children from seeking proper testing and treatment in the clinic. Saliva samples are an alternative to pharyngeal swabs.

Translation to practice of cultural safety education in nursing and midwifery: A realist review.

Objectives: Health inequities exist for racial groups as a result of political, societal, historical and economic injustices, such as colonisation and racism. To address this, health professions have applied various health education pedagogies to equip learners to contribute better to cultural safety. The aim of this realist review was to provide an overview of cultural safety programs that evaluate transition of learning to practice to generate program theory as to what strategies best translate cultural safety theory to practice for nurses and midwives.

The Effects of Leadership Curricula With and Without Implicit Bias Training on Graduate Medical Education: A Multicenter Randomized Trial.

Purpose: To determine whether a brief leadership curriculum including high-fidelity simulation can improve leadership skills among resident physicians.

Method: This was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial among obstetrics-gynecology and emergency medicine (EM) residents across 5 academic medical centers from different geographic areas of the United States, 2015-2017. Participants were assigned to 1 of 3 study arms: the Leadership Education Advanced During Simulation (LEADS) curriculum, a shortened Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS) curriculum, or as active controls (no leadership curriculum).

When I say … Situation.

In this latest contribution to the 'When I say … ' series, Vass and Adams explore the pervasive impact of colonisation as an under-recognised and poorly addressed context of medical education.

Earliest evidence for human use of tobacco in the Pleistocene Americas.

Current archaeological research on cultigens emphasizes the protracted and intimate human interactions with wild species that defined paths to domestication and, with certain plants, profoundly impacted humanity. Tobacco arguably has had more impact on global patterns in history than any other psychoactive substance, but how deep its cultural ties extend has been widely debated. Excavations at the Wishbone site, directed at the hearth-side activities of the early inhabitants of North America's desert west, have uncovered evidence for human tobacco use approximately 12,300 years ago, 9,000 years earlier than previously documented.

RNA: A Self-Sampling Kit for the Collection of Peripheral Blood and Stabilization of RNA.

Gene expression analysis (, targeted gene panels and transcriptomics) from whole blood can elucidate mechanisms of the immune function and aid in the discovery of biomarkers. Conventional venipuncture offers only a small snapshot of our broad immune landscape as immune responses may occur outside of the time and location parameters available for conventional venipuncture. A self-operated method that enables flexible sampling of liquid whole blood coupled with immediate stabilization of cellular RNA is instrumental in facilitating capture and preservation of acute or transient immune fluxes.

"Connection to Culture Is Like a Massive Lifeline": Yarning With Aboriginal Young People About Culture and Social and Emotional Wellbeing.

Culture is an important social and emotional wellbeing factor for Aboriginal peoples in Australia, particularly regarding recovery from colonization. However, little is understood about how culture and wellbeing interact for young urban Aboriginal people. This study used Yarning methods to explore experiences and perceptions of culture and wellbeing for young urban Aboriginal people in Narrm, Australia.

Roadmap to recovery: Reporting on a research taskforce supporting Indigenous responses to COVID-19 in Australia.

In April 2020 a Group of Eight Taskforce was convened, consisting of over 100 researchers, to provide independent, research-based recommendations to the Commonwealth Government on a "Roadmap to Recovery" from COVID-19. The report covered issues ranging from pandemic control and relaxation of social distancing measures, to well-being and special considerations for vulnerable populations. Our work focused on the critical needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities; this paper presents an overview of our recommendations to the Roadmap report.

Educator perceptions on teaching Indigenous health: Racism, privilege and self-reflexivity.

Introduction: General practitioners (GPs) and family medicine clinicians should respond to Indigenous peoples' health needs. However, medical graduates feel underprepared for this work. The foundational elements of racism, white privilege and cultural self-reflexivity remain conspicuously absent from medical education in general practice programmes, despite inclusion in curriculum frameworks.

Action research to implement an Indigenous health curriculum framework.

In recent decades Indigenous health curriculum frameworks have been developed, however, few studies about their implementation exist. This study aimed to employ critical theory and action research to understand how an Indigenous health curriculum framework could be applied and associated learning and teaching iteratively improved. Three action research cycles where conducted from 2017 to 2019.

Not just a policy; this is for real. An affirmative action policy to encourage Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to seek employment in the health workforce.

Delivery of culturally safe healthcare is critical to ensuring access to high-quality care for indigenous people. A key component of this is for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to be participants in the health workforce. The proportion of indigenous people in the health workforce should at least equate to the proportion in the population served.