Sociopolitical, mental health, and sociodemographic correlates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among young adults in 6 US metropolitan areas.

Given the need to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake among US young adults, we examined the extent of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in this population and related factors. We analyzed Fall 2020 survey data from 2,453 young adults (ages 18-34) across 6 US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs; Mean = 24.67; 55.

SARS-CoV-2 surveillance and outbreak response on an urban American college campus.

Objective: The George Washington University (GW) in Washington, D.C., USA established the Public Health Laboratory and Campus COVID-19 Support Team (CCST) to develop and implement its SARS-CoV-2 surveillance testing and outbreak response for the 2020-2021 academic year.

Toward Understanding Youth Athletes' Fun Priorities: An Investigation of Sex, Age, and Levels of Play.

Colloquial conjecture asserts perceptions of difference in what is more or less important to youth athletes based on binary categorization, such as sex (girls vs. boys), age (younger vs. older), and level of competitive play (recreational vs.

Review of Web-Based Toolkits for Health Care Practitioners Working With Women and Girls Affected by or at Risk of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting.

Increased migration has given rise to more advocacy efforts against female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C), legislation that criminalizes the practice, and guidance to the health sector for managing care of affected groups. More women and girls who have been cut or who are at risk of FGM/C are migrating from regions where it is common to countries where it is not and interacting with health professionals and other community practitioners in these host countries. Despite numerous studies on the negative health impacts of FGM/C, little is known about toolkits on FGM/C that providers can use in their prevention and response efforts.

Is There a Link Between Childhood Family Violence and Adult Health? Understanding Family Violence Amongst South Asian American Women.

The devastating effects of experiencing violence in childhood has been particularly difficult to assess among South Asians (SA) living in the U.S. due to a lack of race specific data.

Understanding Health, Violence, and Acculturation Among South Asian Women in the US.

The devastating effects of experiencing violence in childhood are seen well into adulthood. This has been particularly difficult to assess among South Asians living in the U.S.

The impact of intimate partner violence, substance use, and HIV on depressive symptoms among abused low-income urban women.

Intimate partner violence (IPV), substance use, and HIV are often co-occuring health problems affecting low-income urban women, and have been described as connected epidemics making up a "syndemic." Research suggests that each issue separately is associated with depressive symptoms, but no studies have examined the combined effect of IPV, substance use and HIV on women's depression. Interviews were conducted with 96 women recruited from community health clinics serving low-income women in an urban U.

Can E-Gaming Be Useful for Achieving Recommended Levels of Moderate- to Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity in Inner-City Children?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the energy expenditure of a tailored, interactive genre of e-gaming ("Winds of Orbis: An Active Adventure"; Entertainment Technology Center, Carnegie Mellon, Pittsburgh, PA) ( www.activeadventuregame.com ) with that of a tethered videogame ("Dance Dance Revolution" [DDR]; Konami Digital Entertainment, El Segundo, CA) and with traditional physical education (PE) activities in meeting recommended levels of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA).

Thinness expectations and weight cycling in a sample of middle-aged adults.

Background: The False Hope Syndrome suggests that unrealistic expectations of dieting and weight loss are key constructs in the prediction of behavioral failure and may exacerbate weight cycling. The objective of this study was to determine cross-sectional associations among dieting and thinness expectations and weight cycling history within the framework of the False Hope Syndrome.

Methods: Participants were middle-aged (45±12 years) women (n=116) and men (n=98) recruited via worksite intranet distributions.

Women's perceptions of their community's social norms towards assisting women who have experienced intimate partner violence.

The role of social norms has played an often unrecognized role in the perception of and action to assist low-income urban women who are in violent relationships. Two forms of social norms will be assessed, including descriptive norms--what people typically do to assist women in a violent relationship--and injunctive norms--defined as what people should do to assist women. This study will present our initial findings into the development of measures to assess women's perception of their community's social norms toward assisting women who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) and how these norms are related to women's perception of the community, reasons for community assistance toward women experiencing IPV, and women's own experience of IPV.

Profiling abusive men based on women's self-reports: findings from a sample of urban low-income minority women.

Understanding abusive behaviors among nonclinical samples of men is important to help women in the community understand the risks they may face. The purpose of the current study is to identify abusive profiles and subgroups of non-treatment-seeking men using women's self reports. Of the sample of 611 women, 43% reported current abuse; chronicity of psychological aggression was the highest.

Defining appropriate stages of change for intimate partner violence survivors.

Recent research suggests that the transtheoretical model of behavior change is a promising approach for interventions addressing women's experiences of intimate partner violence. This study explores the distribution of abused women across the stages of change for (a) staying safe from intimate partner violence and (b) leaving an abusive relationship. It explores the relationship between stage assignment and other indicators of a woman's stage (i.

HIV/AIDS and intimate partner violence: intersecting women's health issues in the United States.

This article reviews 35 U.S. studies on the intersection of HIV and adult intimate partner violence (IPV).

Community pediatrics: gender differences in perspectives of residents.

Objective: The Future of Pediatric Education II Report affirmed the importance of providing resident education in community settings. Yet we know little about related experiences of trainees and whether experiences and perspectives regarding community involvement vary by gender. We assessed gender differences in pediatric residents' involvement in and perspectives regarding community activities.

The role of physician characteristics in clinical trial acceptance: testing pathways of influence.

Eight videotaped vignettes were developed that assessed the effects of three physician-related experimental variables (in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design) on clinical trial (CT) knowledge, video knowledge, information processing, CT beliefs, affective evaluations (attitudes), and CT acceptance. It was hypothesized that the physician variables (community versus academic-based affiliation, enthusiastic versus neutral presentation of the trial, and new versus previous relationship with the patient) would serve as communication cues that would interrupt message processing, leading to lower knowledge gain but more positive beliefs, attitudes, and CT acceptance. A total of 262 women (161 survivors and 101 controls) participated in the study.

A review of breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening interventions in older women.

Although cancer-screening guidelines recommend periodic testing for women 50 years of age and older, these tests are underused. A search of databases identified 156 community-based breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening intervention studies published before April 2003. Most were conducted in the United States.

An introduction to concept mapping as a participatory public health research method.

In this article, the authors introduce concept mapping as a useful participatory research method for public health researchers interested in generating hypotheses and developing theory. The authors first provide an overview of concept mapping, which combines qualitative approaches with quantitative analytical tools to produce visual displays of the relationship between ideas. Then, they present an illustrative research application of the method to the exploration of women's perceptions of the relationship between residential neighborhood factors and intimate partner violence experiences.

Intimate partner violence, substance use, and HIV among low-income women: taking a closer look.

This article focuses on the intersection of intimate partner violence (IPV), substance use, and HIV status among a sample of low-income urban women (n = 611). Differences emerged by drug type, categorization of IPV, and HIV status. Rates of IPV did not differ between HIV-negative and HIV-positive women, but differing rates of substance use were found to be highly significant.

Abuse, HIV status and health-related quality of life among a sample of HIV positive and HIV negative low income women.

The assessment of a person's quality of life as it relates to health, HIV status and intimate partner violence (IPV) among women has been limited in its scope of investigation. Consequently, little is known about the adjusted and combined effects of IPV and HIV on women's health status and QOL. 445 women (188 HIV + 257 HIV -) residing in an urban low income area were interviewed regarding current IPV experiences (no IPV, IPV more than 1 year ago, IPV in last year), HIV status (positive and negative), use of illicit drugs, and presence of instrumental social support.

Uncovering neighbourhood influences on intimate partner violence using concept mapping.

While neighbourhood influences on the risk of intimate partner violence have been reported, this body of research has suffered from a lack of strong theoretical and conceptual guidance, and few studies have examined the potential pathways from neighbourhoods to intimate partner violence. This paper used concept mapping methods with 37 women who were residents of Baltimore City to obtain cluster maps representing the important neighbourhood domains that affect the prevalence, perpetration, severity, and cessation of intimate partner violence. Domains important for intimate partner severity and perpetration differed from those important for cessation of intimate partner violence.

The relation of FIMR programs and other perinatal systems initiatives with maternal and child health activities in the community.

Objectives: To evaluate the association of the presence of a fetal and infant mortality review (FIMR) program, other perinatal systems initiative (PSI), or both in a community with the performance of essential maternal and child health (MCH) services by local health departments (LHDs).

Methods: Data were obtained from telephone interviews with professionals from LHDs across the United States. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of a LHD conducting each essential MCH service in communities with and without FIMR programs or with and without PSIs, adjusted for geographic area.

Comparison of FIMR programs with other perinatal systems initiatives.

Objectives: While the goals of fetal and infant mortality review (FIMR) programs and other perinatal systems initiatives (PSI) are similar, our knowledge of the processes they use to meet their goals is limited. This article compares a nationwide sample of FIMR programs and PSIs with regard to their roles and involvement in performance of eight essential maternal and child health services (EMCHS) as part of a national evaluation of FIMR.

Methods: The evaluation was a cross-sectional observational study in which geographic units were sampled based on the presence or absence of a FIMR or other PSI using FIMRs as the sampling frame of reference.

The nationwide evaluation of fetal and infant mortality review (FIMR) programs: development and implementation of recommendations and conduct of essential maternal and child health services by FIMR programs.

Objective: An evaluation of fetal and infant mortality review (FIMR) programs nationwide was conducted to characterize their unique role in improving the system of perinatal health care. The aim of this paper is to examine intermediate outcomes of the FIMR, in particular the development and implementation of recommendations produced by the FIMRs and the conduct of essential MCH services by the FIMRs.

Methods: We report on 74 FIMRs whose communities were selected for the nationwide evaluation and for whom we had data from the FIMR director or comparable respondent.

Ending intimate partner violence: an application of the transtheoretical model.

Objective: To examine the application of the transtheoretical model (TM) to women's experiences of ending intimate partner violence (IPV).

Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 23 abused women.

Results: Women use 7 traditional processes of change.